기업의 교육훈련 투자와 자발적 이직률 간의 관계:인적자본 특성 및 인적자본 수준의 조절효과
The Relationship between Corporate T&D Investment and Voluntary Turnover Rate:Moderating Role of Human Capital Characteristics and Human Capital Level
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자발적 이직률에 대한 교육훈련의 효과를 분석한 기존 연구들을 살펴보면 상반된 예측이 혼재하고 있어 이를 보다 명확히 이해하기 위해서는 조직의 교육훈련 투자가 자발적 이직률에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가연구의 필요성과 함께 이에 대한 경계조건(boundary condition)을 규명하는 것이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기업의 교육훈련 투자와 구성원의 자발적 이직률의 관계를 검증하는 한편, 이에 대한 경계조건으로서 인적자본 특성과 인적자본 수준에 주목하였다. 인적자본기업패널의 121개 기업을 대상으로 네 차례 반복 조사된 균형패널(balanced panel)을 구성하여 실증분석을 진행한 결과, 교육훈련 투자가 증가할수록 자발적 이직률이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 경계조건의 효과를 검증한 결과, 인적자본의 특성이 기업특수적일수록 교육훈련 투자의 증가는 자발적 이직률의 감소에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인적자본의 기업특수적 특성과 인적자본 수준의 삼원 상호작용(three-way interaction)을 검증한 결과, 기업특수적 특성이 강하고 인적자본 수준이 높을 때 교육훈련 투자는 자발적 이직률을 가장 크게 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 교육훈련 투자의 효과성을 높이고 구성원의 이직을 줄이기 위해 교육훈련의 내용과 함께 인적자본의 특성과 수준이 함께 고려되어야 함을 시사한다.자발적 이직률에 대한 교육훈련의 효과를 분석한 기존 연구들을 살펴보면 상반된 예측이 혼재하고 있어 이를 보다 명확히 이해하기 위해서는 조직의 교육훈련 투자가 자발적 이직률에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가연구의 필요성과 함께 이에 대한 경계조건(boundary condition)을 규명하는 것이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기업의 교육훈련 투자와 구성원의 자발적 이직률의 관계를 검증하는 한편, 이에 대한 경계조건으로서 인적자본 특성과 인적자본 수준에 주목하였다. 인적자본기업패널의 121개 기업을 대상으로 네 차례 반복 조사된 균형패널(balanced panel)을 구성하여 실증분석을 진행한 결과, 교육훈련 투자가 증가할수록 자발적 이직률이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 경계조건의 효과를 검증한 결과, 인적자본의 특성이 기업특수적일수록 교육훈련 투자의 증가는 자발적 이직률의 감소에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인적자본의 기업특수적 특성과 인적자본 수준의 삼원 상호작용(three-way interaction)을 검증한 결과, 기업특수적 특성이 강하고 인적자본 수준이 높을 때 교육훈련 투자는 자발적 이직률을 가장 크게 줄이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 교육훈련 투자의 효과성을 높이고 구성원의 이직을 줄이기 위해 교육훈련의 내용과 함께 인적자본의 특성과 수준이 함께 고려되어야 함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Previous studies of the relationship between training and development investment and voluntary turnover rate showed mixed results. Thus, this study focuses on the characteristics of human capital and the level of human capital as a boundary condition on the relationship between the training and development and the voluntary turnover rate of the employees. As a result of the empirical analysis of the balanced panel composed of 121 organizations and 484 observations (4 times per organization), it is found that the increase of training and development investment decreases voluntary turnover rate when the extent of human capital specificity is high rather than low. In addition, as a result of verifying the three-way interaction between the firm-specific human capital characteristic and the level of human capital, it can be concluded that the negative relationship between training and development and voluntary turnover rate is strengthened when both the degree of firm-specificity and the level of human capital are high. The empirical results of this study imply that characteristics and level of human capital should be considered together to enhance the effectiveness of training and development investment on voluntary turnover.
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