주성분분석을 통한 노동시장 유연성 및 안정성 국제비교
Measuring Labor Market Flexibility and Security based on Principal Components
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지난 10년 사이 고용창출에 대한 관심이 확대되면서 노동시장의 유연성 및 안정성에 대한 관심 역시 증대하였다. 그러나 유연성 및 안정성을 측정하는 연구는 일부 개별 자료에 국한된 분석, 또는 인위적 가중치를 사용한 가중평균 중심으로 전개되어 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 기존 연구의 단점을 보완하기 위해 주성분분석(principal component analysis)을 이용하여 1998년부터 2007년 사이 우리나라를 포함한 OECD 22개국 노동시장의 유연성 및 안정성을 측정하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면 우리나라 노동시장의 유연성은 비교대상 국가 중에서 중간 수준에 있지만 안정성은 낮은 수준을 보이고 있으며 지난 10년간 유연성은 낮아지면서 안정성의 개선은 거의 없었던 것으로 나타났다. 한편 우리나라와는 반대로 일부 유럽 국가들은 적절한 노동시장정책의 결합을 통해 유연성과 안정성이 동시에 향상되는 유연안정성(flexicurity) 정책을 성공적으로 실시한 것으로 나타났다. 비록 제한적인 분석이지만 그간 우리나라 노동시장정책의 결합에 과연 어떤 문제가 있었는지에 대해 심도 있는 검토가 필요한 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Previous researches on measuring labor market flexibility and security have focused on a limited number of labor market variables, or have been based on artificially weighted average of several labor market variables. In an effort to overcome these shortcomings, this paper applies principal component analysis on as many labor market variables as available. This approach also enables us to set aside the use of artificially weighted averages. The analysis applied on 22 OECD countries reveals that flexibility of Korean labor market locates, as expected, in middle ranks among OECD countries, while the security in low ranks. What concerns more is that the flexibility of Korean labor market has been deteriorating for the last 10 years without any improvement in security. This contrasts sharply with simultaneous improvement of flexibility and security found in some European countries such as the Netherlands, Germany and Switzerland. This also calls for an in-depth research on the combination of labor market policies in Korea.
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