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글로벌 공급사슬과 노동조건: 역사적 배경과 최근 연구동향

Global Supply Chains and Labor Conditions: Historical Contexts and Recent Research Trends

정선욱|이준구
한국노동연구원 (Korea Labor Institute)|2020.06|노동정책연구 (Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy)|제20권 제2호|pp. 143-183|DOI 10.22914/jlp.2020.20.2.005

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참고문헌

키워드

다국적기업노동조건글로벌 공급사슬노동거버넌스사적 노동기준최근 연구 동향한국 맥락의 연구 제안
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

한국 기업들의 해외진출이 활발해지고 글로벌 공급사슬의 주요 행위자로 부상하면서 해외 사업장이나 하청업체에서의 노동문제가 중요한 도전과제가 되고 있다. 하지만 관련된 국내 연구는 아직 초보적인 수준에 머물고 있다. 본 논문은 기업의 다국적화, 특히 글로벌 공급사슬에서의 노동문제를 둘러싼 논의의 역사적 배경과 전개과정을 살펴보고, 최근 연구동향을 미시적 관점, 거시적 관점, 다양한 자료와 방법론의 활용이라는 주제로 나눠서 소개한다. 최근 연구는 미시적 관점에서 자발적 노동기준의 효과성 제고에 영향을 미치는 구매업체의 구매관행과 거래관계, 감사(auditing) 관련 프로세스와 투명성, 현장 노동조합의 역할 등에 초점을 맞추는 동시에, 공급사슬을 둘러싼 국제정치경제적 맥락, 무역협정과 노동조건의 연계, 구매업체와 공급업체가 위치한 국가의 제도적 맥락 등 작업장 수준이나 구매-공급 관계를 넘어서는 좀 더 거시적인 틀에서 문제에 접근하고 있다. 또한 전통적인 현지조사나 사례 분석을 넘어 다양한 산업과 국가들을 대상으로 하고 여러 방법론을 시도하는 연구가 각 분과에서 증가하고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 본 논문은 국내맥락에서 향후 연구를 위한 연구주제를 제안하였다.

Abstract

As more Korean multinational enterprises emerged as major players in global supply chains(GSCs), addressing labor issues in their production networks has become a major challenge. Yet, little research has been devoted to this topic. Against the backdrop, this paper aims to examine the historical development of the scholarly discussion of labor conditions in GSCs and provide a comprehensive review of recent studies in the evolving literature. Three key trends are identified in the literature on labor conditions in GSCs and various forms of public and private labor governance. First, we witness the increase of research focusing on enhancing the effectiveness of private labor governance from a micro standpoint, such as changing buyer’s sourcing practices, increasing transparency in auditing process, and giving voice to unions. Second, macro-level approaches have been on the rise, calling for attention to the domains and issues beyond supplier factories. These focus on a broader global political economic structure affecting both buyers and suppliers, as well as the nexus of trade agreements and labor conditions, and the national institutional contexts where suppliers and buyers are embedded. Lastly, the recent studies exhibit a growing level of diversification in data and methods used as well as in industries and countries investigated. The paper concludes with our suggestions for future study in the Korean context. These include more in-depth study of Korean first-tier suppliers in GSCs, focusing on the effect of long-term supplier-buyer relationship on labor audit practices and outcomes, as well as their investment in smart factories and its impact on labor conditions.

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