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직장 내 괴롭힘 허위신고 사례 분석연구

Analyses into False Claim Cases of Workplace Bullying

박윤희|서유정
한국노동연구원 (Korea Labor Institute)|2023.03|노동정책연구 (Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy)|제23권 제1호|pp. 119-152|DOI 10.22914/jlp.2023.23.1.005

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false claimsworkplace bullying claims직장 내 괴롭힘 신고허위신고허위신고자 특성부적절한 신고 대응characteristics of false claimantsinappropriate management of false claims
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

본고에서는 허위신고도 괴롭힘의 한 유형이라는 전제를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 가설을 세웠다. 가설1) 허위신고를 당한 피신고인 중에는 여성, 젊은 연령층, 하위직급자의 비중이 높을 것이다. 가설2) 허위신고 중에는 이익을 목적으로 하는 신고의 비중이 높을 것이다. 피신고인 52인, 목격자 74인의 데이터를 분석한 결과, 가설1은 부분적으로(여성, 젊은 연령층) 검증되었다. 피신고인은 기존 직장 내 괴롭힘 실태조사 가해자 집단의 특성과 유의한 차이를 보였지만, 피해자 집단과의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 허위신고의 피신고인이 괴롭힘의 피해자들과 유사한 피해 증상을 보인 점도 허위신고가 괴롭힘에 해당할 가능성을 뒷받침했다. 또한 사측과 관련 외부기관의 부적절한 대처가 이들의 피해에 기여하며, 신고인에게 치우쳐진 외부기관의 태도가 허위신고자에게 힘을 실어줄 가능성도 제기되었다. 가설2는 응답자가 접한 허위신고자 중 85% 이상이 이익이 되는 보상을 선요구했다는 결과를 바탕으로 검증되었다. 가설1과 2의 검증을 통해 허위신고가 계산적이며 교묘한 괴롭힘 행위일 가능성이 뒷받침되었으며, 이런 행위를 막기 위한 대응책이 필요함을 시사하였다.

Abstract

Enactment of anti-workplace bullying legislation during unstable labour market could provide a ground for false claims of workplace bullying as means to gain rewards. Based on the assumption that false claims are a a form of workplace bullying, two hypotheses were drawn: H1) Vulnerable people would be over-represented among the falsely-accused. H2) Claims aiming at rewards would be over-represented among false claims. The data obtained from 126 respondents yielded the following results. H1 was partially supported. Women and younger people were over-represented among the falsely-accused. Compared to the data from the previous factual survey of workplace bullying, the falsely-accused were significantly different from perpetrator group but not from the victim group. The falsely-accused group suffered similar impacts as the victims of workplace bullying. Inappropriate management of false claims could contribute to the negative impact suffered by the falsely accused and the witnesses. The biased attitudes of the relevant external bodies could also back up the false claimants. H2 was supported based on the data that over 85% of the false claimants demanded rewards. The results implied the false claims to be a form of calculated workplace bullying that would need preventive measures.

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