<인천아리랑>의 최초 기록과 선율에 관한 연구

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the first record of <Incheon Arirang>, which was sung in Incheon area during the enlightenment period of the late Joseon period in the 19th century, by looking into its musical melody and tune. It is notable that the earliest record of <Incheon Arirang> existed before the Japanese colonial period, and the song was examined by the Japanese authority, in order to scrutinize the anti-Japanese sentiments, possibly embedded in the lyrics of the song. In addition, this study compares and analyzes what kind of melody and tune of <Incheon Arirang> had been sung in those days, and how it is related with <Jajin Arirang (Gujo Arirang)>, which was popular in Seoul and Gyeonggi provinces at that time. As a result of this research, the followings are found. First, it can be claimed that <Incheon Arirang> is the first recorded <Arirang> song in Korea. The lyrics of Incheon Arirang are found from contemporaneous sources, such as ‘Popular Songs of the Joseon Dynasty’ 『Yuwobinhowuji Newspaper (郵便報知新聞)』 published in Japan in May 1894, ‘32nd lyric’ in 『Sinchan Joseon's hoehwa (新撰朝鮮會話)』 that was written by Hong Seok-heun a Korean student studying in Japan in August 1894, and also in the Korean language textbook 『Sinchan-ilhanhoehwa (新撰日鮮會話)』 written by a Japanese man Hasimoto Daisuke in 1904. Secondly, the lyrics of <Incheon Arirang> are considerably different from the ordinary modern Arirang songs. In other words, the lyrics of <Incheon Arirang> were created with the feelings of anti-Japanese sentiments existed amongst most Korean laborers. It is clear that the song was dissimilar to the usual Arirang songs, which was popular in commercial or pleasurable environments. Thirdly, the tune of <Incheon Arirang> was developed from the musical melody of <Jajin Arirang (Gujo Arirang)> that was popular in Gyeonggi Province. During the time of the enlightenment period, the Gyeonggi <Jajin Arirang> became prevalent in Hanyang and Gyeonggi area, not only throughout the public substratum, but also by professional singers. In 1896. H. B. Hulbert transcribed Arirang onto sheet music. In 1914, Lee, Sang Jun recorded the song as <Arirang Taryeong> in Joseon Dynasty's popular song collection. A Gayageum performer, Kim, Juk Pa included Gayageum Byeongchang <Jajin Arirang> in a sound recording in 1933. For these reasons, by comparing the documented records and the sound recording, we can learn that H. B. Hulbert’s <Arreurang>, which was the first piece of Korea’s <Arirang> to be transcribed onto Western-style musical score, was, in fact, a part of the <Jajin Arirang> sung in Gyeonggi Province. We can further presume that the Hulbert’s <Arreurang> was is the original song of the <Incheon Arirang>. We can use this finding to note that the piece was created at least before the end of Joseon dynasty in the 19th century.