알뜰주유소 전환으로 인한 자영주유소의 휘발유가격 인하효과 분석
The Conversion of an Unbranded Gas Station into a Thrifty Gas Station: Its Impact on Gas Prices
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초록
최근 한국 정부는 국내 석유제품 시장의 가격경쟁력 강화를 위해 알뜰주유소 보급정책을 추진하고 있다. 알뜰주유소로 전환된 자영주유소들은 전환 이전부터 일반 주유소들에 비해 낮은 휘발유 가격을 책정하였을 가능성이 존재한다. 이와 같은 효과를 배제하고 실제 알뜰주유소 전환으로 인한 가격인하효과만을 관찰하기 위해 본 연구에는 이중차분모형과 비모수 이중차분모형을 사용하여 이들 주유소의 휘발유 가격인하효과를 추정하였다. 추정결과, 자영주유소가 알뜰주유소로 전환되면서 발생하는 가격인하효과는 리터당 20원 가량인 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 인근 3km 내에 알뜰주유소가 존재하는 일반주유소는 그렇지 않는 주유소들에 비해 리터당 3원~7원 가량 저렴한 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Facing record-high level of oil prices and increasing volatility in gasoline market, Korean government has introduced a new type of discount gas stations so-called “Thrifty gas stations”. By diversifying supply channels and consumer options, the Korean government aimed to boost the competitions among gas stations thus mitigating the burden of households’ utility bills. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of the introduction of thrifty stations on gasoline prices. This is more subtle task than one might expect since the gas stations which chose to convert into thrifty stations may have been selling their products at lower prices than average gas stations even before the conversion. Thus simple comparisons between thrifty stations and the others may not provide us an appropriate ex pose impact assessment. In order to minimize such problems and control the group-specific effects over time, here we use parametric and non-parametric difference-in-differences approaches. Our estimation results indicate that the price of a gas station decreases approximately by 20 KRW after its conversion into a thrifty station and a station near (within 3km radius) to a thrifty station sells its product at a price 3~7 KRW lower on average.
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