高麗寺院形止案의 復元과禪宗寺院의 공간 구성 검토

Abstract

The temple census registers in Goryeo Dynasty which contain the duplicates of epitaphs as well as the inventories of the buildings, monks, mass, real estate and movable property are very important material in understanding the state of the temple in the period. The Suseon-sa census register is the only one which remains in original form, but we can also reconstruct the census register of Dae'an-sa by reuniting the remained materials. Comparison with the Suseon-sa census register show that the items such as ‘the Inventory of Statues and Buildings at the time,’ ‘the Inventory of monks and mass,’ ‘the copy of Great Master Gwangja's epitaph’ and ‘the copy of Seon[Zen] Master Jeogin's epitaph’ in the Tae'ansa ji are the separated segments of the Dae'an-sa census register. The two temple census registers are in common in their entries and the recording style. It shows that they are made in the same time with the same purpose. They might have made in 1230 when the government made the census on the temples in the country except the northern frontiers. The fact that the persons in the register of Suseonsa had their careers in the early 1230s supports this inference. Through the comparison with that of Dae'an-sa we can restore some losses in the Suseon-sa census register. Some unknown buildings can be confirmed as inner storied building gate, restaurant and kitchen. And there must be the Buddhist sanctums and nunneries. Also in the other materials appear the buildings such as the Seonbeopdang [Good Dharma Hall] and the Josadang[Building dedicated to Founding Patriarch] in the temple. Most of the buildings in the Suseon-sa are also seen in the Dae'an-sa census register. The buildings of the two temples are very common. Among them the Seonbeopdang and Josadang are thought to reflect the special character of Seon[Chan] temple. Both temples had big scale restaurant, kitchen, water-house, storehouses, mill-house, stables, bathroom and toilet. They had also the temple gate[samun], as the formal border, and the storied building bridge, as the real border to outer world. While there are some buildings found only in one temple. They are thought to reflect the history and the topographical traits of each temple. As the recording order of the buildings in the temple census registers is thought to reflect the real arrangement we can infer the formation of the temples. In the Suseon-sa the three gates - inner storied building gate, temple gate and outer storied building gate - divided the temple to three spaces; the space for worship and practice, that of administration and that of daily living. While in the Dae'an-sa, different from the Suseon-sa, there is no spacial division inside the temple gate; all the building for worship, practice and administration existed inside the gate. But the some buildings where high rank monks resided existed in special space called upper part outside the temple gate. The bathroom and toilet were outside the temple gate as well as upper part. The temple census registers are, though there remain only two, the valuable material which show the concrete shape of Goryeo temples. We hope more developed studies will be done on the Goryeo temple using these material.