전략적 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성이 제휴강도와 성과 간의 관계에 미치는 영향
The Diversity of Alliance Portfolio, Alliance Intensity, and Firm Performance
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초록
급변하는 기업의 대내외 경영환경에서 제휴는 효과적인 경영전략으로서 많은 기업들이 활용하고 있다. 본 연구는 그간 간과되어 온 전략적 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성을 제휴 유형과 파트너 다양성으로 구분하여 성과 및 제휴강도와 성과 간 관계에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 2010년부터 2016년 사이 기업활동조사 불균형패널자료 3,209개 제조업 관측치를 활용하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 제휴강도 및 제휴 다양성은 기업성과에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성이 제휴 강도와 성과 간의 관계에 미치는 조절효과 결과는 제휴 유형 다양성만이 유의미하게 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 추가적으로 기업이 속한 산업별 기술 수준에 따라 4개 그룹으로 구분하여 분석한 결과 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성의 조절효과는 첨단기술산업 그룹에서 파트너 다양성이, 중-고기술산업 그룹에서 제휴 다양성이 제휴 강도와 성과 간의 관계에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 전략적 제휴 포트폴리오 다양성 논의를 제휴 유형으로 확장하였고, 제휴 강도와 다양성이라는 제휴의 양적⋅질적 속성을 동시에 고려하였다는데 의의가 있다.
Abstract
In the rapidly changing internal and external management environment of firms, alliances are used by many companies as effective management strategies. This study analyzes the direct effect of the alliance portfolio diversity that has been overlooked on the performance and moderating effect on the relationship between the intensity of alliance and performance. To this end, I conducted unbalanced panel data analysis using 3,209 Korea manufacturing firm observations from 2010 to 2016. The results shows that the intensity of alliance and diversity of alliance portfolio have significantly positive effect on the firm performance. And I find that the intensity of alliance is positively associated with firm performance when the diversity of alliance partner increases. In the split sample analysis by OECD R&D intensity standard, the diversity of alliance partner have positive moderating effects on the relationship between the intensity of alliance and firm performance in high-technology industries group. However, in case of medium-high technology industries, the intensity of alliance is positively associated with firm performance when the diversity of alliance type increases. These results indicate that firms should employ differentiated approaches to manage the diversity of alliance portfolio based on the alliance intensity and diversity.
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