아메리칸 메소드 연기의 기원과 발전

Abstract

In 1923 Bolesavsky and Ouspenskaya, who learned The Stanislavsky System of Acting from Stanislavsky in Russia, established American Laboratory Theatre due to the popularity of Russian Realism play in America. American Laboratory Theatre was the first theatre and the first acting institute which amricanized Russian System of Acting in 1920’s. Lee Strasberg and Stella Adler who seek new acting joined the theatre. In 1931, these American actors founded Group Theatre, which became the center of American theatrical world by americanizing Stanislavsky’s Russian system and changing paradigm of teaching acting. In Group Theatre Strasberg used the concept of Method instead of System. He trained to intense concentration, made use of improvisation, and emphasized emotional memory as the most important acting technique. Sanford Meisner and Elia Kazan joined Group Theatre after that. However, Stella Adler who learned acting from workshop with Stanislavsky in his latter years introduced Post-System of Stanislavsky, which enabled to balance between internal and external aspect of an actor. Furthermore, Sanford advocated his own Method Acting. Elia Kazan established Actors Studio with Strasberg. In 1940, Group Theatre was discharged and the members went their separate ways. They achieved what Moscow Art Theatre did in Russia in 1920’s in America in 1930’s. Moreover, actors who learned acting from them changed acting style in film in Hollywood after 1950’s. New American Method Acting which was shown by Marlon Brando and James Dean in 1950’s and Dennis Hopper, Robert De Niro, and Al Pacino in 1960’s has started modern acting in film. Their realism acting successfully americanized System of Acting started from Stanislavsky in Russia.