구술을 통해 본 공주 유구지역 피난민의 정착 동기와 이주유형

Abstract

In this article, we attempted to analyze the migration motivations and types of refugees who settled in Yugu-eup, Gongju during the period before and after the Korean War. Yugu is an area where the weaving industry developed greatly between the 1950s and 1980s due to refugees. Among the refugees in the Yugu region, there are many from the Hwanghae-do and Pyeongan-do regions, and this has been explained in connection with 『Jeonggamnok』. This is because Yugu was mentioned as one of the ‘Sipseungji’ in Jeonggamrok, which was popular in the late Joseon Dynasty. However, not all refugees who settled in Yugu believed in 『Jeonggamnok』 and gathered together. Therefore, in this article, based on the oral narratives of refugees from Yugu, the motivations for their settlement in Yugu are broadly categorized into three. The first are people who believed in 『Jeonggamnok』 and came to Yugu after going to Punggi, Gyeongsangbuk-do in search of Sipseungji, or people who chose Yugu as a refuge during the Korean War. Among these, it appears that the weaving industry was developed by those who first settled in Punggi and then came to Yugu. Second, people who escaped from the Geoje Island POW camp were brought to Yugu. They were mostly student soldiers or people who had been forcibly conscripted into the People’s Army and were classified as anti-communist prisoners at the Geoje POW camp. The government dispersed anti-communist prisoners to Gwangju, Nonsan, etc. and later allowed them to escape, and the escaped anti-communist prisoners gathered in Yugu. Third, although they are the smallest of the three types, the refugees who remained in their hometowns until after the Incheon landing operation and were pushed back down during the January 4 retreat were those who first settled in Seoul, Incheon, or Dangjin and then moved to Yugu. The reason the second and third types of refugees settled in Yugu was believed to be due to the fact that people from the same hometown settled in Yugu first and that there were already many factories in Yugu, so they could find jobs.