從中國文學的視域看丁若鏞的文學觀點 -以總論爲主

Abstract

The literary viewpoint of Jeong Ya-yong (known as Dasan)（茶山）, like his thoughts, no longer stays within the scope of J Cheng Zhu（程朱）or Neo-Confucian scholars; rather, it has its own characteristics, including a time gap of about 250 years with Lee Hwang（李滉）, Jo Sik（曺植）, and Li Ye（李珥）, so there is a natural gap in the academic environment in terms of his activities. His literary environment was the same. The missions of these individuals’ times and the stages of their personal lives were also different, thus contributing to Dasan’s academic and literary viewpoints. Beginning with Dasan’s literary background, several important points regarding his literary viewpoint are discussed. His view of literature seems ordinary and insignificant at first glance compared to that of traditional Confucian writers or Neo-Confucian scholars, but a closer look reveals that it is not so. What is noteworthy is that traditional literati and scholars with strong Confucian tendencies generally highly value Hanyu, Guyangsu, and Jeongju, but Dasan did not highly value Hanyu and Guyangsu.His views on poetry and prose were slightly different depending on their speaking positions (e.g., Zhu Xi (朱熹） and other Confucian scholars). For example, people generally tend to view Guyangsu （歐陽修）unfavorably, but when discussing font reform in the Song dynasty, this scholar was highly evaluated. In addition, he did not recognize Su Dong-po （蘇東坡） or Hwang Jeong-gyeon （黃庭堅） in terms of academic personality, but when he taught poetry and prose to his sons and disciples, he positively evaluated the literary value of their works. This viewpoint is completely different from Dasan’s belittling of Han （韓）, Liu（柳）, Ou（歐）, and Su（蘇）, citing Wen Tao（文道）with, “It’s a big hindrance to my Tao.” Another striking feature of his literary views is that his attitude toward writing differed from that of traditional writers. Although he was a Confucian figure and many of his views were similar to those of Cheng Zhu (程朱）Confucianism, he defended Confucianism while praising Yangzhu（楊朱）, Mohism, and Buddhism and regarded Hanyu（韓愈）and Guyangsu（歐陽修）as inferior to them in terms of general Confucianism.