문화적 주체의 구성과 소시민 의식 - '소시민' 논쟁의 비평사적 의미

Abstract

Entrance of the literary mans experiencing 4·19 Revolution as young age is characterized in the literary world of the 1960’s. By frustration of political and social vision resulted in 5·16 Coup d’etat following 4·19, they pursuit for positivity based in themselves experiences, to form internal world which is secure from any external attacks. However, they published 68 Munhak at 1969. 1 in the time which the 1960s was out, through which they tried to establish literary theory of 4·19 Generation differencing from that of the existing literary mans, refining senselessness and passion of the literary youth. Their literary theory is represented as the literary theory of ‘Petit Bourgeois’ proclaimed by several critics, Kim Hyun, Kim Ju-Hyun, Kim Byung-Ik and Kim Chi-Su. The literary theory of ‘Petit Bourgeois’ has meanings as that : first, working for modernization of literature ; second, reconsidering literary recognition of language ; third, professing their own identity as consciousness of petit bourgeois. Postwar writers, like Seo Gi-Won, Lee Ho-Chul and Seon U-Whi, claimed that the literary theory of what is called 4·19 Generation is not different from that of their own and also the generation are literary successors of themselves. This arguments was continued in forms of objection and conversation, which was finished only being confirmed difference of each other. Though, literary theory of ecole called ‘Munhak kwha Jisung’ group was raised in this arguments. Mun-Ji group transfigurate the autonomy theory of modern subject, established by Kant, to that of cultural subject, which, however, only partly off set the frustration of political and social subject by converting into cultural and aesthetic subject. They felt proud that it is the epidemiological turn and the new of cultural modernization. ‘Daily individual’ and ‘self-world’ are direct embodiments of ‘non-trivialness of the trivial’, ‘trivialism’ and ‘by the attacks of ‘the citizen literary theory’’, which discourses raise the modernist aesthetics as constitution of the self-referential world. Reputated by Beak Nak-Chung working at the same times as only as afterwar generation, as it were, by the attacks of ‘the citizen literary theory’, they tried to change the literay theory, which can be a subject after this.