상상의 조국, 교착된 조선어 : 『해방신문(민중신문)』과 해방기 재일조선인의 국가/국어론

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate complicated political, linguistic imaginations of Zainichi which exceeded the schematism of 'restoration of ethno-language=freedom and liberation', by reading Minjungshinmun, published in Japan directly after the liberation of Korean Peninsula, and Haebangshinmun, the integrated, retitled version of the former. For this, at first, beginning with the texts of Kim Du Yong, one of the principal writing staffs of those newspapers, the characteristics of them, related to Japan Communist Party, Korean Federation, and the political circumstance between Southern and Northern Chosun, will be examined. The opinion that those two newspapers were seriously influenced by Japan Communist Party and Korean Federation has been based on the fact that Kim Du Yong, who took the major role to make decision of Japan Communist Party for its guiding principle, concurrently served as the executive editor of the two. However, comparing the editorials of him on Zenei, the official organ of the Japan Communist Party, and on Haebangshinmun, for which he served as the executive editor, it becomes visible that the influencing relationship consisted of much more complicated situations and nodes. What operated more complicatedly was, rather, the state of Zainichi who required, on the one hand, 'right to live=right to reside' within the frame of a 'joint struggle' for japanese democratic revolution, on the other hand, 'right to return(homeward)' in the circumstance that residence in Japan had almost become a fait accompli. Kim Du Yong's return to Northern Chosun, who led the joint struggle in Japan for returnee administration and protection of the right to live, provides opportunity to think of the relation between 'right to live=right to reside' and 'right to return(homeward)' of Zainichi like as two sides of the same coin. Meanwhile, his returning moment overlapped with when SCAP's occupation policy turned to Reverse Course. And the political situations of Zainichi's homeland, in other words, the final rupture of American-Soviet Joint Commission and the general election alone in South Korea, caused Korean Federation to be splitted in double, forcing it to face inner conflicts related to Japan Communist Party and to inter-Korean(North-South) problem. The Aliens Registration Law, enforced in the ambiguous situation that Zainichi never got ensured which system they would belong to and which position they would take, made them to be in a dilemma: falling down to refugee or choosing nationality of inexisting state. It was the law that made Zainichi both exist and inexist in the country, Japan, hence, 'Zai-nichi' which always involved the possibility of inexistence indicated stateless state, a subtle area 'between' postwar-Japan and Chosun. Similarly to the rapid development of joint struggle for japanese democratic revolution in 1946~1947, after the plan to build a united state was frustrated, unconditional support movement for North Korea was eagerly proceeded as well. Haebangshinmun tried to establish the relation with North Korea as of nation-state. It was cultural level that the strategy to mobilize Zainichi in the state-construction in response to establishment of North Korea was conducted with the fullest enthusiasm. Haebangshinmun, paying attention to the illiteracy eradication campaign of North Korea, took the lead in Chosun-Language education within Zainichi society. Novels of Lee Eun Jik, who determined, in the middle of a keen confrontation over linguistic problem of Zainichi literature, both writing in Japanese of colonial period and writing in Chosun-Language of after-liberation period as 'life of self-oblivion', were published on Haebangshinmun in Chosun-Language, and they well reveal the transition process of the readers assumed by Chosun-Language literature of Zainichi from 'inner' self to 'homeland'. This must be considered in the context of the drastic development of discourses that imagined crossing the border to North Korea in Zainichi society; and that occasionally South Korea also consisted the course of imagination must not be ignored. Therefore, Haebangshinmun already forecast the essential problems which writing in Chosun-Language of Zainichi contained, who henceforth would struggle between the appropriateness of writing in language of homeland and the reality of inexisting, splitted reader, that is, homeland.