영국 ‘국제연맹연합(LNU)’의 난민 보호 활동, 1935-1939 - 전간기 자유주의적 국제주의자들의 인도주의 활동과 그 역사적 맥락
The League of Nations Union and the Refugee Problem, 1935-1939 -The Historical Context of the Liberal Internationalists’ Humanitarian Activities in Interwar Britain-
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이 논문은 영국의 ‘국제연맹연합(LNU)’의 난민 보호 활동을 살펴봄으로써, 1930년대 후반 국제 정세의 위기 속에서 전개된 인도주의 활동의 내용과 그 의미를 검토한다. LNU는 국제연맹을 통해 세계 평화와 진보를 촉진한다는 목표를 가진 영국의 평화운동 단체로, 산하의 난민위원회에는 LNU의 주도적 인물들뿐만 아니라 당시의 난민 문제에 대해 관심을 가지고 있던 의원들과 주요 구호 단체 대표들이 모여 영국 정부와 국제연맹에 비판과 제안을 전달했다. LNU는 난민 문제를 세계 평화에 직접적으로 관련된 중요성을 지닌 사안으로 인식하여, 국제연맹을 구심점 삼아 각국의 적극적인 공조 노력이 필요하다고 주장하였다. LNU는 영국 정부의 소극적인 자세에 비판적인 입장을 내보였고 더 큰 기여를 할 것을 요구했다. 하지만 LNU가 제안한 난민 문제의 해법은 큰 틀에서 영국 정부의 난민 정책의 전제를 받아들이고 있었다. 즉 영국 내에서는 많은 난민을 받아들일 수 없다는 전제 위에서 수립된 난민의 해외 이주 정착, 그리고 그것을 통한 식민지 개발의 구상이었다.
Abstract
This paper attempts to examine the activities of the League of Nations Union(LNU) upon the refugee crisis in the late 1930s, thereby tracing the liberal internationalist’s views on refugees, world order, migration, and relation of Europe and the world. The LNU, a peace movement organisation aiming to secure world peace through public support for the League of Nations, facing the refugee problems of Europe, gathered LNU leadership and representatives of private relief organizations under its sub-committee, ‘Refugees Committee’. They deemed the millions of refugees wandering Europe a serious problem threatening the peace and order of the world, and thought the problem could only be solved by international cooperation through the League of Nations. The LNU also criticized British government’s passive attitudes toward helping refugees and relief organizations. LNU’s proposals for resolving the refugees problem, however, accepted and were built on the contemporary views expressed in government’s approach. Namely, that Britain and Europe have suffered chronic over-population so that the refugees had to be sent overseas lay at the bottom of British government’s, and most western countries’, refugee policies. The suggestion of overseas settlement led to the idea of colonial development, which reflected the liberal internationalists’ view on the possibility of turning the suffering of the European refugees into ‘civilizing mission’ that would bring progress for the undeveloped areas of the world.
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