Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew ―From Scientific Conservatory to a Space of Spectacular Leisure for Everymen and Women―
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper attempts to reconceive gardens as a popular space and proposes the desire for green space as a new human condition in the modernizing world. This paper focused on a half-century long movement through which the London public tried to gain a better access to Kew Gardens, which eventually transformed Kew Gardens into a public place. In order to understand the social origin of this movement, the paper weaves the voices and experiences of diverse groups of people: people at Kew, Londoners, and the British people of different classes. The paper first looks at the confrontation between the spectators and the people at Kew on the issue of the open hours of Kew Gardens. It then sketches the evolution of the social significance of gardens by juxtaposing how leisure class and urban bourgeoisie have desired green space with different venues with a number of social clubs of horticulture and the Park Movement. Lastly, the paper displays the presence of the working-classes in Kew Gardens after the success of the movement to extend open hours of Kew. This paper is a story of how a newly found desire for green space and the introduction of leisure to the wider population transformed the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew into a genuinely ‘public park.’
Abstract
This paper attempts to reconceive gardens as a popular space and proposes the desire for green space as a new human condition in the modernizing world. This paper focused on a half-century long movement through which the London public tried to gain a better access to Kew Gardens, which eventually transformed Kew Gardens into a public place. In order to understand the social origin of this movement, the paper weaves the voices and experiences of diverse groups of people: people at Kew, Londoners, and the British people of different classes. The paper first looks at the confrontation between the spectators and the people at Kew on the issue of the open hours of Kew Gardens. It then sketches the evolution of the social significance of gardens by juxtaposing how leisure class and urban bourgeoisie have desired green space with different venues with a number of social clubs of horticulture and the Park Movement. Lastly, the paper displays the presence of the working-classes in Kew Gardens after the success of the movement to extend open hours of Kew. This paper is a story of how a newly found desire for green space and the introduction of leisure to the wider population transformed the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew into a genuinely ‘public park.’
참고문헌 (40)
- "An article in The Times, Wednesday, 30 Nov. 1892, p. 8, Issue 33809, col A", ~ (1892)
- "An article in The Times, Saturday, 7 Aug. 1897, p. 6, Issue 35276, col E", ~ (1897)
- "A letter in The Times, Friday, 13 Aug. 1897, p. 2, Issue 35281, col F", ~ (1897)
- "A letter in The Times, Wednesday, 18 Aug. 1897, p. 19, Issue 35285, col E", ~ (1897)
- Hooker to R. Lingen, "Ayrton controversy, vol. I", 105~ (1872)
- "Letters in Memorandum in Kew Archives", ~
- "Account of Public Money expended on Royal Palaces, Gardens and Parks, 1843-51", ~
- "Report on progress and condition of the Royal Gardens at Kew during the year 1871", ~ (1871)
- "Report on Progress and Condition of Royal Gardens at Kew during the Year 1877", ~ (1877)
- "Papers relating to Changes in Administration of Office of Works affecting Direction and Management of Gardens at Kew 1872", ~ (1872)
- "Paxton’s Magazine of Botany and Register of Flowering Plants. Vol. 15 & 16. 1848-1849", ~ (1848)
- "The Gardeners’ Weekly Magazine and Horticultural Cabinet. Vol. 42. 1899", ~ (1899)
- Austin, Jane, "Mansfield Park" (1906), J. M. Dent & Co
- Bailey, Peter, "Leisure and Class in Victorian England: Rational Recreation and the Contest for Control 1830-1885" (1978), Routledge & Kegan Paul
- Beaven, Brad, "Leisure, Citizenship and Working-Class Men in Britain 1850-1945" (2005), Manchester University Press
- Booth, Michael R, "Victorian Spectacular Theatre, 1850-1910" (1981), Routledge & Kegan Paul
- Brown, Jane, "The Pursuit of Paradise: A Social History of Gardens and Gardening" (1999), HarperCollins
- Conway, Hazel, "People’s Parks: the Design and Development of Victorian Parks in Britain" (1991), Cambridge University Press
- Desmond, Ray, "Kew: The History of the Royal Botanic Gardens" (1995), The Harvill Press
- Desmond, Ray, "Victorian Gardening Magazine", Garden History, 5(3), pp.47~66 (1977)
- Dryaton, Richard Harry, "Nature’s Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the ‘Improvement’ of the World" (2000), Yale University Press
- Elliott, Brent, "Flower Shows in Nineteenth-Century England", Garden History, 29(2), pp.171~184 (2001)
- Engels, Friedrich, "The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844" (1999), Oxford University Press
- Fishman, Robert, "Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia" (1987), Basic Books
- Gaskell, S. Martin, "Gardens for the Working Class: Victorian Practical Pleasure", Victorian Studies, 23(4), pp.479~501 (1980)
- Hobsbawm, E. J, "Worlds of Labour: Further Studies in the History of Labour" (1984), Weidenfeld & Nicolson
- Jones, Stephen G, "Workers at Play: A Social and Economic History of Leisure 1918-1939" (1986), Routledge & Kegan Paul
- Malchow, H. L, "Public Gardens and Social Action in Late Victorian London", Victorian Studies, 29(1), pp.97~124 (1985)
- Maurice, Samuel, "The Spectacular Past: Popular History and the Novel in Nineteenth-Century France" (2004), Cornell University Press
- Nead, Nynda, "Victorian Babylon: People, Streets and Images in Nineteenth-Century Britain" (2000), Yale University Press
- Schwartz, Vanessa R, "Spectacular Realities: Early Mass Culture in the Fin-de-Siécle France" (1999), University of California Press
- Taylor, Geoffrey, "The Victorian Flower Garden" (1952), Skeffington
- Van Zuylen, Gabriel, "Paradise on Earth: The Gardens of Western Europe" (1995), Harry N. Abrams
- Walton, John K, "Leisure in Britain 1780-1939" (1983), Manchester University Press
- Waters, Michael, "The Garden in Victorian Literature" (1988), Scholar Press
- Wilkinson, Anne, "The Victorian Gardener: the Growth of Gardening & the Floral World" (2006), Sutton Publishing Ltd
- William, Robinson, "The Parks, Promenades, & Gardens of Paris, described and considered in relation to the wants of our won cities, and the public and private gardens" (1869)
- Wolff, Michael, "The Waterloo Directory of Victorian Periodicals, 1824-1900" (1976), Wilfrid Laurier University Press
- Woolf, Virginia, "Kew Gardens" (1969), Folcroft Press
- Yeo, Eileen, "Popular Culture and Class Conflict, 1590-1914: Explorations in the History of Labor and Leisure" (1981), Harvester Press