투자효율성에 대한 이익유연화의 효과
The Effect of Earnings Smoothing on Investment Efficiency
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[연구목적]본 연구는 이익유연화가 기업가치 평가오류에 따른 경영자의 비효율적 투자성향의 문제를 완화하고 투자효율성과 경영성과 개선에 기여할 수 있는지를 규명하고 비효율적 투자성향을 개선하는 이익유연화의 효과가 자금조달 제약요인이라는 개별 기업의 특성에 따라 달라지는지를 검증한다. [연구방법]2011년부터 2022년까지 비금융 상장기업 중 4,441개의 기업-연도별 표본을 활용하여 이익유연화의 효과를 회귀모형을 통하여 분석하였다. [연구결과]본 연구의 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가치의 고평가 시 기업은 투자를 확대하는 반면 기업가치의 저평가 시 투자를 축소하는 등 기업가치의 평가오류에 따라 비효율적 투자성향이 나타나는 것으로 분석되었다. 비효율적 투자성향에 대하여 이익유연화는 기업가치 평가오류의 위험을 낮추어 비효율적인 투자성향을 완화하고 투자효율성을 제고하는 효과를 제공한다. 둘째, 이익유연화는 장기적인 경영성과 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 제공한다. 셋째, 비효율적 투자성향을 완화하는 이익유연화의 효과는 자금조달 제약요인이 강한 기업에서 더욱 명확하다. [연구의 시사점]선행 연구는 회계정보 품질 관점에서 이익유연화와 투자효율성의 관계성을 조명하고 있다. 반면 본 연구에서는 이익유연화가 기업가치의 평가오류의 위험을 낮추어 경영자의 비효율적 투자성향을 개선하는 효과를 제공함으로써 이익유연화가 경영성과와 투자효율성 개선에 긍정적인 역할을 제공하고 있다는 실증결과를 제시하고 있다. 또한 이익유연화의 효과가 자금조달 제약요인이라는 개별 기업의 특성에 따라 차별화되는 결과를 제시하고 있다.
Abstract
[Purpose] This research aims to investigate the economic role of earnings smoothing by examining whether earnings smoothing can improve investment efficiency by mitigating mispricing on investment sensitivity and Management performance. Additionally, the study validates whether earnings smoothing has a differential impact on investment sensitivity depending on financial constraints. [Methodology] Using a firm-year sample of 4,441 non-financial companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets, the effect of earnings smoothing on investment efficiency is analyzed through a regression model. [Findings] The main empirical analysis results are as follows. First, companies tend to expand(contract) their investments in response to overvaluation (undervaluation) of firm value. However, earnings smoothing has been found to improve investment efficiency. Second, earnings smoothing contributes to improving management performance. Finally the effect of earnings smoothing is differentiated depending on financial constraints. [Implications]This study analyzes the information effect of earnings smoothing on investment efficiency and management performance. It also provides empirical evidence on the differential economic effects of earnings smoothing based on financial constraints.
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