개방형 혁신 전략의 구현에 대한 경영인을 위한 시사점 탐색: 크라우드소싱 기반의 비즈니스 모델 분석을 중심으로
Exploration of Managers' Implications for Implementation of Open Innovation Strategy: Analysis of Business Models Based on Crowdsourcing
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개방형 혁신(open innovation) 전략은 조직의 경계를 허물어서 내부 정보의 개방과 외부와의 협력을 통하여 연구개발과 혁신 문제를 해결하고자 하는 새로운 패러다임의 전략기법이다. 개방형 혁신을 실현하기 위한 하나의 기법으로 외부 기업뿐만 아니라 다양한 외부 전문가 및 이해관계자 특히 사용자의 참여를 강조하는 크라우드소싱(crowdsourcing) 기법이 최근 기업과 학계에서 주목 받고 있다. 크라우드소싱은 혁신적인 아이디어 발굴, 창의성 증진 및 기업의 성과 제고의 도구로서 기업실무를 중심으로 관심을 받고 있으나, 학계의 체계적인 분석이나 연구는 여전히 부족하다. 본 연구는 March의 탐색과 활용 분석틀에 기반을 두어 크라우드소싱 관련 비즈니스 모델을 범주화하여 분석하였다. 특히, 본 논문에서는 아이디어 탐색, 문제 해결 및 모두 추구라는 기업의 목표에 따라서 세 가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해서 경영자는 외부 자원의 활용에 대한 사고의 전환의 필요성과 기업의 혁신 목표를 실현하기 위한 크라우드소싱 모델을 선택하기 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Open innovation strategy is a new paradigm strategy where a firm purposefully incorporates and integrates knowledge developed outside the firm's boundary for its internal R&D and innovation projects. One important variation of open innovation is crowdsourcing in which solutions are sought from a bigger pool, not only from external firms, but also individual specialists and sometimes users. While increasing attention has been paid to crowdsourcing as a way to incubate innovative ideas, facilitate creativity, and to develop firms' product and service offerings, systematic academic understanding is still lacking concerning how specifically crowdsourcing can be implemented. Based on the March's exploration and exploitation framework, the current study analyzes and categorizes different models of crowdsourcing. In particular, we identify three variations of the ways crowdsourcing can be used in terms of whether a firm's objective of using crowdsourcing is oriented toward idea generation, problem solving, or both. The results of this study would also provide valuable information for managers to choose a business model of crowdsourcing that aligns the best with a specific stage and a goal of a firm's innovation efforts.
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