공학학의 등장과 그 의미, 발전방향에 대한 탐색
The Development and its Implications of Engineering Studies
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초록
이 연구는 공학 분야와 엔지니어들의 삶 역시 사회적, 역사적, 문화적 연구에 열려 있고 그들에 대해 더 많이 아는 것이 우리와 우리 사회를 더 깊이 이해하 는데 도움이 될 것이라는 전제에서 출발했다. 본문에서는 첫째, 공학이 과학과 사회, 노동과 자본 사이에 존재하면서 갖게 되는 독특한 특징과 정체성을 검토 했다. 공학학의 연구대상과 관심분야 역시 이러한 특징에 자라잡고 있다. 두 번 째로는 근대 공학의 등장과 제도화 과정을 다루면서 엔지니어링이 과학의 형식 을 띠게 되는 과정, 그리고 공학 전문직이 갖는 특징과 제약을 살펴보았다. 세 번째는 미국, 영국, 프랑스, 독일, 일본의 사례를 통해 각 국가의 사회적, 문화 적, 정치적 지형이 공학 및 엔지니어의 형성 과정과 맺는 연관성을 분석하였다. 끝으로 공학학이 우리나라의 공학과 엔지니어, 과학기술 발전과정을 분석하는 데 어떤 함의를 갖는지를 논의하였다. 공학에 대한 사회적 연구인 공학학은 과 학과 기술에 대한 인문 · 사회과학의 지평을 넓힐 뿐 아니라 공학을 둘러싼 학제간 연구의 가치를 높이는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 또한 우리 사회를 바라 보는 보다 통합적이고 풍부한 관점을 제기한다는 점에서 도전할 만한 가치가 있는 연구 분야임을 강조하고자 했다.
Abstract
This study is based on the premise that engineering and engineers could be an object of social study, and the more we know about the social construction of engineering, the more we are likely to learn what we are in our society and where we may be heading. I explore three points regarding engineering and engineers in this article. First, I examine the characteristics of engineering that exists between science and society and between labour and capital. Second, I explore the process that engineering has taken a form of science and developed as an expert profession through its institutionalization, specialization, and organization in modern society. Third, I emphasize the importance of social, cultural, and national processes on the construction of engineering and engineers by comparing national diferences in France, England, Germany, America, and Japan. Finally, I analyze the process how engineering and engineers have been constructed in the period of colonialism and rapid industrialization in Korea. In this study, I would like to emphasize the value of engineering studies. It is notable that engineering studies contribute to widen the horizon of Humanities and Social Sciences as well as to suggest integrative and fundamental perspective in analysing our society.
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