한국인의 외상 프로파일
The Trauma Profiles of Korean Adults
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초록
Kira(2001, 2004, 2010)의 발달 기반 외상 분류틀(development-based trauma framework)은 일생동안 경험한 다양한 외상 경험과 그 영향뿐 아니라 외상의 누적 효과를 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 Kira(2001, 2004, 2010)의 발달 기반 외상 분류틀을 적용하고 한국의 사회문화적 배경을 반영하여 전국 규모의 한국인 표본을 대상으로 그들이 경험한 외상사건의 유형, 진도 및 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 참가자는 1,130명의 성인들(남자 569명, 여자 561명)로, 인터넷을 통해 한국판 누적 외상척도, 사건 충격 척도 및 외상 후 성장 척도를 실시하였다. 성별 및 연령대별로 외상사건의 빈도를 분석하였고 외상유형에 따른 경험이 외상 후 스트레스 증상을 유의하게 예측할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 성별 및 연령대별로 빈번하게 경험한 외상의 유형에 차이가 있었고, 인구학적 변인을 통제한 후에도, 개인정체성 외상, 집단정체성 외상, 성취외상 및 생존외상, 그리고 유형Ⅱ와 유형Ⅲ 외상은 PTSD 증상의 유의한 예측요인이었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구에 대한 제언을 논의하였다.
Abstract
The development-based trauma framework of Kira (2001, 2004, 2010) can assess the cumulative effects of trauma as well as the various trauma and their impacts experienced during the lifetime. The purpose of this study was to investigate the type, frequency and impact of traumatic events experienced by a nationally representative Korean sample applying the development-based trauma framework of Kira (2001, 2004, 2010) and reflecting the sociocultural context of Korea. Participants were 1,130 adults (569 men and 561 women). All participants responded to the Cumulative Trauma Scale-Korean version(CTS-K), Impact of Event Scale-Revised-Korean version(IES-R-K), and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory(PTGI) using the internet. The frequency of traumatic events was analyzed by gender and age group. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine whether experiences by trauma types could predict the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As results, there was a difference in the type of trauma experienced frequently by gender and age group. Even after controlling demographic variables, the personal identity, collective identity, achievement and survival trauma, and the type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ trauma were significant predictors of PTSD symptoms, respectively. Finally, the limitations and implications of the current study were discussed.
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