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중국소비자의 공유자전거 이용유형과 지속 이용의도에 관한 연구

Bike-Share Use Type and Continuous Use Intention of Chinese Consumers

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초록

본 연구는 중국소비자의 공유자전거 이용유형은 어떠한지 살펴보고, 공유자전거의 지속적 이용의도에 동기와 규범, 그리고 이용유형이 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 연구를 수행하기 위해서 공유자전거 시스템이 가장 활성화 되어 있는 북경시에 거주하는 공유자전거 이용자 393명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과로는 첫째, 공유자전거 이용유형은 크게 세 집단으로 나타났는데, 다양한 목적으로 자주 이용하는 집단(Heavy User), 특정 목적으로 중간 정도로 이용하는 집단(Specific User), 여러 가지 목적을 위해 간헐적으로 이용하는 집단(Random User)으로 나타났으며, 각각 23.9%, 43.4%, 32.8%를 차지하였다. 둘째, 공유자전거 이용유형에 따라 인구통계학적 특성, 이용동기와 규범에 있어서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. Heavy User와 Specific User 집단이 Random User에 비해 20, 30대 이용자가 많았고, Heavy User로 갈수록 고소득층 분포가 높았다. Heavy User의 경우 즐거움, 지속가능성, 위치편리성 동기가 다른 두 집단에 비해 높았으며, Specific User의 경우 지속가능성, 이용편리성, 위치편리성 동기가 Random User에 비해 높게 나타났다. 공유자전거 관련 규범은 모두 높은 수준으로 나타났으며, Heavy User의 사회적 규범, 도덕적 규범 수준이 가장 높았다. 셋째, 주 교통수단으로서의 공유자전거 이용의도의 영향요인을 분석한 결과, Random User가 Specific User에 비해 이용의도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이용유형을 통제할 때에도 지속가능성 동기, 사회적 규범과 도덕적 규범이 높을수록 이용의도가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract

This study focuses on the usage types of bike-share and intends to analyze the behavior and intention of Chinese consumers. In order to carry out the study, we conducted a consumer survey of 393 bike-share users in their 20s to 50s living in Beijing. Major findings are as follows. First, based on the frequency of use and the purposes for using the bike-share service, three distinct user groups were identified. The first group, Heavy User, used the bike-share service frequently for various purpose and represented 23.9% of the sample. The second group, Specific User, used the bike-share service moderately and typically for specific purposes. They represented 43.3% of the sample. The final group, Random User, used share bikes intermittently for various purposes and comprised 32.8% of the sample. Second, consumer characteristics, motivations, and perception of norms were found to be significantly different among the three use types. There were relatively more users in their 20s and 30s in Heavy User and Specific User groups compared to Random User group. The average income level was higher in the order of Heavy User, Specific User, and Random User. As for motivations and norms, Heavy User had the highest level of joy, sustainability, and geographical convenience and the highest level of social and moral norms among the user groups. Third, as for the level of intent to use the bike-share service as a main means of transportation, the bike-share users reported a score of 4 or more based on a 5 points scale with Heavy User, Specific User, and Random User, from the high to low, respectively. The more frequently the bike-share service was used for various purposes, the higher the level of intention to utilize the bike-share service as the main mode of transportation. From analyzing the factors influencing the usage intentions, it was found that Random Users had a lower usage intention level than Specific Users. The motivation of sustainability, social norms, and moral norms were found to be significant factors even when controlling usage types.

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