타인의 평가가 소비행복에 미치는 영향: 관계유대 강도와 구매 유형의 조절역할을 중심으로
The Effects of Others’ Evaluation on Consumption Happiness: The Moderating Role of Tie Strength and Purchase Type
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초록
소비자가 지닌 욕구와 욕망은 자연적으로 발생하는 것이 아니라 타인지향적인 특성을 갖고 있다고 한다. 행복과 관련된 선행연구를 보면, 사회적인 관계와 관련된 레저나 타인을 위한 소비 등이 행복에 더 기여하고 있다는 사실이 입증된 것을 보더라도 사람들은 다른 사람과의 관계를 중요하게 생각하며, 타인지향적인 경향을 갖고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 특히 사람들은 다른 사람에게 인정받고자 하는 승인욕망을 갖고 있기 때문에 타인의 평가가 한 개인의 정서적 사건의 평가에 중요한 요소로 작용하게 된다. 소비에 있어서도 예외는 아니다. 내가 구매한 제품이나 서비스는 타인의 관심과 평가의 대상이 될 수 있다. 만약, 나의 구매 또는 소비에 대해 타인으로부터 긍정적인 평가 또는 부정적인 평가를 받는다면 내가 느끼는 행복감이 달라지지 않을까? 본 연구는 이러한 의문에서 시작되었다. 실증분석결과, 사람들은 타인으로부터 긍정적인 평가를 받으면 그 전보다 소비로 인한 행복감이 커지며, 부정적인 평가를 받으면 행복감이 감소하는 경향을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 특히, 긍정적인 평가로 인해 증가되는 행복감보다 부정적인 평가로 인해 감소되는 행복감의 크기가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 강한 유대관계의 타인으로부터 긍정적인 평가를 받게 되면, 행복감이 상승하지만 약한 유대관계의 타인으로부터의 긍정적인 평가는 행복감을 상승시키지는 못했다. 그러나 유대관계의 강도에 관계없이 부정적인 평가를 받게 되면, 행복감은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 소비유형에 따른 평가를 보면, 물질재 소비에 대해 타인으로부터 긍정적인 평가를 받으면 행복감이 증대되었으며, 부정적인 평가는 행복감을 감소시켰다. 그러나 경험재 소비의 경우 타인의 긍정적인 평가는 행복감을 증대시키지만, 부정적인 평가는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Previous research on consumption happiness (or consumer happiness) has proven that either leisure activity associated with social relationship or consumption for others significantly contributes to happiness. This evidence enables us to conclude that individuals tend to be other-oriented. As individuals have a desire to be acknowledged by others, others’ evaluation works as a crucial factor in an individual’s evaluation of a certain emotional event. If my purchase or consumption is evaluated by others either positively or negatively, wouldn’t it affect the happiness I feel after all? The current research aims to answer this question. The results show that while others’ positive evaluations are effective in increasing consumption happiness, their negative evaluations decrease consumer happiness. In particular, the effect of others’ negative evaluation is stronger than positive evaluation on consumption happiness. If strongly tied others give a positive evaluation, the happiness level increases; however, if weak-tied others give a positive evaluation, the happiness level does not increase. Meanwhile, regardless of the strength of ties, when one obtains a negative evaluation, the happiness level reduces considerably. Furthermore, with respect to material purchase, positive evaluation from others increases the happiness level, while negative evaluation from others reduces it. On the other hand, regarding experiential purchase, positive evaluation from others increases the happiness level, while negative evaluation from others does not influence it.
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