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지속가능소비의 개념화와 척도개발에 관한 연구: 환경․사회․경제의 지속가능성을 중심으로

A Study on Conceptualization and Scale Development of Sustainable Consumption: Focusing on the Triple Bottom Line

박미혜
한국소비문화학회|2022.03|소비문화연구 (Journal of Consumption Culture)|제25권 제1호|pp. 47-78|DOI 10.17053/jcc.2022.25.1.003

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참고문헌

키워드

척도개발scale development개념화conceptualizationsustainable developmentsustainable consumption지속가능발전triple bottom line지속가능소비환경․사회․경제의 지속가능성

초록

지속가능소비는 그 중요성에 비해 일관적인 개념정립과 타당한 척도개발이 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구의 목적은 다양한 관점에서 사용되어 온 지속가능소비의 개념을 정립하고 객관적이고 총체적으로 측정할 수 있는 지속가능소비 척도를 개발하는데 있다. 지속가능발전 패러다임의 세 가지 요소를 도입하여 지속가능소비의 개념을 환경, 사회, 경제의 지속가능성을 고려해서 소비하는 행동으로 규정하고 소비자가 그들의 소비활동에서 이를 수용하는 정도로 지속가능소비를 측정하였다. 이론적 개관을 통해 지속가능소비에 대한 개념화를 하고 여러 선행연구들을 바탕으로 척도문항의 구성요소와 내용의 틀을 만든 후 예비문항을 도출하였다. 최초 생성한 예비문항에 대해 전문가의 내용타당도검증과 소비자 사전조사를 하여 최종 85개의 예비문항을 만들었다. 소비자 조사를 통한 통계적 검증을 위해 온라인 설문조사를 시행하였으며 연령, 성별, 거주지를 중심으로 할당표집을 하였다. 수집한 704명의 자료에 대해 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석, 측정모델분석, 신뢰도 및 타당도검증 등의 통계분석을 시행하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 58문항으로 정제되었고 환경, 사회, 경제 영역별 2개씩의 하위요인으로 나타나 총 6개의 하위요인이 추출되었으며 각 하위요인의 신뢰도는 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 둘째, 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 모형의 적합도가 기준치에 부합할 때까지 분석하는 과정을 거쳐 38문항으로 정제되었으며 이후 요인들의 단일차원성을 검증하는 측정모델분석을 시행한 결과 최종 33문항이 도출되었다. 마지막으로, 구성개념타당성인 집중타당성과 판별타당성을 검증하여 최종 척도를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 문항삭제를 통해 정보가 손실되더라도 타당성 확보에 더 중점을 두어 최종문항들은 초기문항들에 비해 많이 축소되었지만 비교적 핵심적인 내용들을 담고 있으며 신뢰할 수 있고 타당한 척도라고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 지속가능성의 환경, 사회, 경제의 세 가지 영역을 고려한 지속가능소비 척도를 개발한 초기연구로서 의의를 가지며 지속가능소비의 개념과 척도의 준거점을 제공하고 다양한 변수를 적용한 양적연구를 위한 토대가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Abstract

Considering the importance of sustainable consumption, consistent conceptualization and development of valid scale were hardly made. The purpose of this study is to establish the concept of sustainable consumption that has been used from various perspectives and to develop a sustainable consumption scale that can be measured objectively and holistically. By introducing the triple bottom line of the sustainable development paradigm, the concept of sustainable consumption is defined as consumption behavior in a way that considers environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Sustainable consumption was measured to the extent that consumers accept it in their consumption activities. After conceptualizing sustainable consumption through a theoretical overview, and creating a framework for the components and content of scale based on previous studies, 105 preliminary items were derived. The final eighty-five preliminary items were created through experts’ content validation and consumers’ advance survey. For statistical verification through consumer survey, an online survey was conducted, and nation-wide quota sampling was performed centered on age, gender, and place of residence. Data was collected from 704 participants. Statistical analysis, including exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, measurement model analysis, reliability and validity, was performed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, as a result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale was refined into fifty-eight items, and there were two sub-factors for each environmental, social, and economic domain. A total of six sub-factors were extracted, and the reliability of each sub-factor was relatively high. Second, confirmatory factor analysis was carried out and the scale was refined into thirty-eighty items through the analysis process until the model fit met the criteria. After the measurement model analysis was conducted to verify the unidimensionality of the factors, the final thirty-three items were extracted. Finally, convergent validity and discriminant validity, which are construct validity, were verified to develop the final scale. In this study, more emphasis is placed on securing validity, even if information is lost by deleting the items, and although the final items are greatly reduced compared to the initial items, they contain relatively core contents and can be considered as reliable and valid measures. This study has significance as an initial study to develop a sustainable consumption scale considering environmental, social, and economic sustainability. It is expected that this study can serve as a foundation for empirical study with various variables and provides a reference point for the concept and scale of sustainable consumption.

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