로봇 vs 사람, 누구의 실패가 더 부정적일까?: 서비스 종업원의 실패유형이 고객행동의도에 미치는 영향
Robots vs. Human, Whose Failures are More Negative?: The Effects of Service Employees and Failure Types on Customer Behavioral Intention
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초록
최근 들어 서비스 접점에서 로봇의 활용이 높아지고 있다. 로봇 기술의 급속한 발전으로 서비스 로봇은 다양한 서비스 접점에서 사람의 역할을 수행하고 있지만, 사람과 마찬가지로 서비스 실패가 발생하게 된다. 서비스 로봇의 실패와 관련된 선행연구에서는 서비스 실패에 대한 귀인이 사람종업원의 실패와 다르게 인식되며, 향후 고객행동에도 다르게 영향을 준다는 것을 확인한 바 있다. 본 연구는 이를 확장하여 사람 종업원과 로봇 종업원의 서비스 실패 유형을 과정실패와 결과실패로 구분하고, 각각의 서비스 실패에 대한 고객행동의도에 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 차이가 발생하는 이유를 지각된 실패의 심각성과 회복가능성이라는 두 개의 매개변수를 통해 확인하였다. 분석결과, 서비스 접점의 종업원 유형(로봇 vs 사람)과 서비스 실패 유형(결과 vs 과정)의 상호작용효과가 재이용의도에 미치는 영향은 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로 과정실패 상황에서는 사람 종업원과 로봇의 실패가 재이용 의도에 미치는 영향은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 결과 실패 상황에서는 종업원이 로봇일 때보다 사람의 실패가 재이용의도에 더 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지각된 실패의 심각성의 매개효과는 존재하지 않지만, 지각된 회복가능성은 이들 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Recently, the use of service robots has been increasing. As robot technology develops rapidly, service robots perform human roles in various service encounters, but service failures occur just like humans. Previous studies related to the failure of service robots have confirmed that the attribution of service failure is perceived differently from that of human employees and affects customer behavior differently. This study examined whether there is a difference in customer behavioral intention according to the type of service failure between human and robot employees. For this purpose, service failure was divided into outcome failure and process failure. In addition, to examine the cause of this difference, two mediators, severity of failure and recoverability, were considered. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there was a significant difference in the effect of the interaction effect of the type of employee at the service encounter (robot vs. human) and the type of service failure (outcome vs. process) on the revisit intention. Specifically, in the process failure situation, there was no significant difference in the effect of human employee and robot failure on revisit intention, but in the outcome failure situation, human failure had a more negative effect on revisit intention than when the employee was a robot. In addition, although the mediating effect of perceived severity of failure did not exist, perceived recoverability mediates these relationships.
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