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영업사원의 신뢰가 고객의 지각된 소개위험과 소개의도에 미치는 영향 – 자기효능감의 조절효과

The Effect of Trust in Salespersons on Customers’ Perceived Referral Risk and Referral Intention - Moderating Effect of Customer Self-Efficacy

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영업사원에게 소개는 가장 중요한 신규 고객 확보 수단 중 하나로 꾸준한 고객의 소개는 안정적인 영업활동에 매우 긍정적인 영향을 주게 된다. 고객의 소개의도를 높이기 위해서는 소개로 인해 발생할 수 있는 손실 가능성은 줄여야 하고, 얻게 되는 이득 가능성은 높여야 한다. 자신이 거래하고 있는 영업사원에게 주변의 지인을 소개하려고 할 때 영업사원의 어떠한 속성이 고객의 소개의도에 영향을 미치게 될까? 영업사원의 속성 중 신뢰는 소개 관련 연구에 있어 가장 빈번하게 등장하는 독립변수 중 하나이다. 본 연구의 목적은 영업사원의 신뢰가 고객이 지각하는 소개위험을 거쳐 소개의도에 미치는 영향을 실증해 보는 것이다. 구체적으로 신뢰를 전문성 기반 신뢰와 선의 기반 신뢰로 구분하였으며, 영업사원의 신뢰와 소개의도 관계의 매개변수로 지각된 소개위험을 포함하여 분석하였다. 또한 고객 자기효능감의 조절효과도 실증분석하였다. 본 연구는 사회적 교환이론이라는 이론적 토대를 활용하여 지각된 소개 위험의 매개효과와 자기효능감의 조절효과를 종합적으로 검토하여 소개 의도 관련 메커니즘을 폭넓게 검토했다는 점에서 학문적 의의를 찾아볼 수 있다. 연구 결과, 전문성 기반 신뢰와 선의 기반 신뢰는 소개의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 고객의 지각된 소개위험은 영업사원의 신뢰와 소개의도 간 관계에 있어 매개변수의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 전문성 기반 신뢰가 지각된 소개위험을 매개로 소개의도에 미치는 영향에 있어 자기효능감의 조절효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 선의 기반 신뢰가 지각된 소개위험을 매개로 소개의도에 미치는 영향에 있어서도 자기효능감의 조절효과는 유의적인 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 고객의 소개의도를 높이기 위해서 영업사원은 전문성과 더불어 선의를 함께 전달해야 하며, 이 과정에서 고객의 자기효능감을 높일 수 있다면 그 효과가 더욱 커질 수 있다는 실무적 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다.

Abstract

Customer referrals are considered one of the most crucial methods for acquiring new customers in sales. Continuous customer referrals have a significantly positive impact on maintaining stable sales activities. To increase customer referral intention, it is essential to minimize potential losses resulting from referrals while maximizing potential gains. What attributes of salespersons influence the customer's referral intention when they consider introducing acquaintances to the products or services they handle? Trust is one of the most frequently explored independent variables in referral-related research. The objective of this study is to empirically examine how trust in salespersons influences the customer's referral intention, considering the perceived referral risk as a mediating variable. Specifically, trust is categorized into credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust, and the relationship between trust in salespersons and the referral intention is analyzed, including the perceived referral risk as a mediating factor. Furthermore, the study empirically analyzes the moderating effect of customer self-efficacy. This research utilizes the theoretical framework of social exchange theory to comprehensively investigate the mechanisms related to the referral intention, including the mediating effect of perceived referral risk and the moderating effect of self-efficacy, contributing to its academic significance. The research findings reveal that both credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust positively influence the referral intention. Additionally, perceived referral risk plays a mediating role in the relationship between trust in salespersons and the referral intention. Furthermore,for both credibility-based trust and benevolence-based trust, the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the influence of perceived referral risk on the referral intention is found to be significant. These research results provide practical insights for devising effective strategies to enhance the intention of existing customers to make referrals.

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