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개인-상사 부합과 직무태도 및 행동 간 관계에 대한 메타분석

A Meta-Analytic Study on the Relationships of Person-Supervisor Fit with Job Attitudes and Behaviors

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초록

본 연구는 개인-상사 부합과 직무태도 및 행동 간 관계를 다룬 26개의 국내 연구를 대상으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. 직무태도로 직무만족(k = 11), 정서적 몰입(k = 10), 그리고 이직의도(k = 8)를 조사하였고, 직무행동으로 조직시민행동(k = 11)을 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 개인-상사 부합은 직무만족, 정서적 몰입, 조직시민행동과는 강한 정적 상관을 보였고 이직의도와는 중간 정도의 부적 상관을 보였다. 또한 설문방법, 출판유형, 그리고 직무만족과 조직시민행동의 측정차원을 조절변수로 제안하여 구체적인 조절효과를 확인하고, 조직유형과 산업유형에 따라 개인-상사 부합의 효과가 다르게 나타날 수 있는지 탐색하였다. 확인 결과, 지필설문에서보다 온라인설문에서(조직시민행동에 한하여), 박사학위논문보다 학술지 출판논문에서, 조직지향 조직시민행동에서보다 개인지향 조직시민행동에서 개인-상사 부합이 더 큰 효과를 보였다. 조직유형과 산업유형에 대한 분석은 공기업과 비서비스업을 대상으로 한 연구가 적어서 엄격하게 실시하지는 못했으나, 조직유형이나 산업유형에 따라 개인-상사 부합의 효과가 달라질 가능성을 탐지하였다. 본 연구는 개인-상사 부합 역시 다른 개인-환경 부합만큼 직무태도나 행동의 중요한 예측변수가 될 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 여러 가지 개인-환경 부합 중에서 상대적으로 관심을 덜 받아 온 개인-상사 부합을 조사하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 개인-상사 부합에 대한 국내 연구들을 통합하여 현재까지의 연구결과를 정리한 결과를 바탕으로 앞으로의 연구방향을 제시하였다.

Abstract

This study conducted meta-analyses of 26 Korean studies in order to examine the relationships of person-supervisor (P-S) fit with job attitudes and behaviors. Job attitudes included job satisfaction (k = 11), affective organizational commitment (k = 10), and turnover intention (k = 8). Work behaviors included organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs, k = 11). The results showed strong positive relationships of P-S fit with job satisfaction, affective commitment, and OCBs. Also, P-S fit had a moderate negative relationship with turnover intention. Survey methods (online versus paper), publication sources, and sub-dimensions of outcome measurements were hypothesized as moderators with specific directions. Types of organization (private versus public) and types of industry (service versus non-service) were explored as moderators. The results indicated that the effect sizes were larger in online surveys (in case of OCBs) and journal publications than in paper surveys and dissertations, respectively. Regarding measurement dimensions, P-S fit showed stronger relationships with OCB-I than with OCB-O. We found that types of organization and types of industry could also function as moderators. This study contributes to the literature on P-S fit, which has been paid less attention to than other dimensions of person-environment fit, by demonstrating its importance. Limitations of the current study, future research directions, and implications of the results were further discussed.

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