Development of Subsistence Patterns in Neolithic Culture in Korea
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초록
한반도의 신석기시대 토기문화는 빗살무늬토기로 대표되기 때문에 이를 빗살무늬토기시대라고 명명한다. 그리고 이에 대한 편년방법을 종래의 연구에서 시도된 토기형식에 근거한 분류보다는 주거, 도구, 경제양상, 등 다양한 시각에서 조명해 보았다. 최근에 조사된 고산리 유적을 빗살무늬토기시대 상한점으로 설정하고 조기, 초기, 중기 그리고 말기로 분류하여 자연환경과 관계된 경제양상의 특성을 시대적으로 검토하였다. 본 연구에 의하면, 초기 신석기시대 한반도의 경제양상은 지역에 따라서 서로 다르게 나타났다. 대체로, 서부지역 신석기인들은 수산자원 보다는 야생 식물성 먹을거리를 바탕으로 하는 육상자원에 의존한 반면에, 동남부 인들은 수산자원에 치중하였다.한반도의 농경문화 발달과정을 이해하기 위해서 근자에 제기된 제반 이론적 틀을 분석하고 이를 모델로 농경문화의 전파과정에 대한 가설을 과정주의적 시각에서 살펴보았다. 본 연구에 의하면 한반도의 농경문화는 대륙으로부터 이주민에 의해 막연하게 전파된 것이 아니라 한반도의 신석기인들이 변천하는 자연환경과 사회환경에 적응하는 하나의 수단으로 채택되었다고 생각된다. 또한, 초기에 시작된 농경문화는 한반도 중서부 일부지역에만 국한되었고, 제배된 식물이 경제생활에 이바지하는 양도 매우 미미한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 농경문화가 한반도의 남부지역까지 전파되는 데에는 적어도 천년 이상의 시간이 소요되었다.따라서 한반도의 농경문화는 이주민에 의해 급진적으로 확산된 것이 아니고, 농경문화의 복합요소(Neolithic cultural elements)가 시간을 달리하면서 유입되어 서서히 전개되었다.
Abstract
This paper examines circumstances that led to the development of incipient cultivation on the Korean peninsula. Long-term subsistence pattern changes from 8000 B.C. to circa 1500 B.C.(when there was an increase in the practice of cultivation) are examined. The nature of settlement patterns and subsistence practies during this period have been poorly understood. A review of data generated in the 1980s and 1990s suggests that two different regional subsistence patterns existed in Korea in 6000 B.C., leading up to the adoption of small-scale cultivation circa 3500 to 2000 B.C.
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