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상태 성실성의 변산성이 특질 성실성과 개인수행 간 관계에 미치는 조절효과

Moderating Effects of State Conscientiousness Variability on the Relationships Between Trait Conscientiousness and Individual Performance

박형인|이윤주
한국산업및조직심리학회 (Korean Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|2022.02|한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직 (Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology)|제35권 제1호|pp. 1-27|DOI https://doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v35i1.1-27

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참고문헌

키워드

조절효과conscientiousness성실성moderationindividual performance개인수행특질 성격상태 성격trait personalitystate personality
주제분류심리과학

초록

메타특질(metatrait) 가설(Baumeister & Tice, 1988)에 따르면, 개인 성격의 수준은 시간이나 역할에 따라 달라질 수 있으며 이러한 상태 성격은 특질 성격과 개인의 수행 간 관계를 조절할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 이에 착안하여 특질 성실성과 개인수행 간 관계에서 시간에 따른 상태 성실성의 변산성이 조절효과를 갖는지 확인하였다. 구체적으로, 상태 성실성의 변산성이 큰 개인에게서보다 상태 성실성의 변산성이 작아 성실성을 더 안정적으로 나타내는 개인에게서 특질 성실성과 개인수행 간 관계가 더 강할 것으로 예상하였다. 온라인 패널 회사를 통해 모집한 전일제 근로자 300명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 사흘 간 매일 상태 성격을 측정하는 경험표집법을 바탕으로 상태 성격의 변산성을 계산하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 조직시민행동에서는 상태 성실성의 조절효과가 관찰되지 않았으나, 특질 성실성과 과업수행 간 정적 관계 및 특질 성실성과 반생산적일행동 간 부적 관계를 상태 성실성의 변산성이 조절하였다. 특히, 상태 성실성의 변산성이 작을수록 기존 관계가 큰 것으로 나타나서 연구가설이 지지되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 기업이 상태 성실성에 초점을 둔 훈련 프로그램을 실시하면 조직 구성원의 직무수행에 도움이 될 수 있다는 함의를 내포한다.

Abstract

The concept of metatraits (Baumeister & Tice, 1988) reflects that state personality, the levels of personality that vary based on time or role may moderate the relationship between trait personality and individual performance. This study investigated moderating effects of state conscientiousness variability on the relationships between trait conscientiousness and individual performance indicators; task performance, organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs). It was expected that the relationship between trait conscientiousness and performance would be stronger in case of small variability than in case of large variability, as small variability would imply stable expression of conscientiousness. An experience sampling method was applied to 300 full-time employees recruited through an online panel survey company. Variability of state personality was measured by the standard deviation of state personality measured for three days. The hierarchical regression results revealed that state conscientiousness variability did not moderate the relationships between trait conscientiousness and OCBs. However, it moderated the relationships of trait conscientiousness with task performance and CWBs, such that the relationships were stronger when the variability was small rather than when large. The results suggest that organizations can intervene to the performance of their employees by providing training programs focused on state conscientiousness.

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