橫穴式 墓制의 淵源과 展開

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin of tombs with a tunnel entrance that made the dominant type of tomb in the ancient society of the Korean Peninsula. For that purpose, the investigator examined what type of tomb it was, when and where it was born in East Asia, how it developed both in time and space in the Korean Peninsula, and how it's selected by the Three Kingdoms. Based on the premise of twin or multiple burials instead of single burial, tombs with a tunnel entrance are best characterized by an entrance. They widely differ from their predecessor, which was a tomb in a vertical digging style. They were not the result of the predecessor's evolution but newly appeared in Goguryeo and Baekje in the 3rd or 4th century and Shilla and Gaya in the late 5th or 6th century. They became wide spread across the peninsula starting in Nakrang and Daebang around the 4th century. Created to respond to the conjugal burial in the middle of Former Han in China, tombs with a tunnel entrance basically had a wooden chamber in the early days but gradually moved towards a brick chamber, ultimately holding multiple chambers that mimicked the living spaces of the deceased. Thus it can be said that they were introduced from the midlands through Nakrang and Daebang and developed into stone-chamber tombs in the peninsula. In Goguryeo, their beginning can be traced back to a grave mound with a stone chamber. However, it's not for certain if the introduction of a tunnel entrance into a stone mound was related to Manchuria or was affected by the expansion of a grave mound with a stone chamber. In Baekje, it's relatively clear that they were introduced from the Seobukhan area. And it's confirmed that Shilla and Gaya were late to introduce a tomb with a tunnel entrance from Goguryeo and Baekje.