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양날의 검으로 작용하는 재택근무:일-가정 경계 특성의 조절효과

Telework as a Double-Edged Sword: The Moderating Effects of Work-Home Boundary Characteristics

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주제분류심리과학

초록

전 세계적인 전염병의 확산으로 인해 재택근무가 유행한 가운데, 선행연구들은 재택근무의 효과에 대해 혼재된 양상을 보였다. 본 연구는 재택근무와 일-가정 갈등 간 관계를 변화시키는 요인으로 업무 주변 경계에서의 침투성 및 유연성을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 1에서는 척도의 타당도 확인을 목적으로 Clark(2002)의 일-가정 경계 특성의 침투성 및 유연성 척도를 한국어로 번안한 뒤 역번역 과정과 문항일치도 검사를 시행했다. 만 19세 이상의 직업인 219명을 대상으로 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 업무 및 가정 주변에서의 침투성과 유연성은 독립적인 요인구조로 나타났다. 또한, 침투성 및 유연성과 이론적으로 관련이 있는 예측변수 및 결과변수 간의 관계를 확인하여 규범적 연계망을 조사하였다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1의 척도 중 업무 주변 경계 특성을 활용하여 만 19세 이상의 재택근무자 250명을 대상으로 재택근무와 일-가정 갈등 간 관계에서 침투성과 유연성의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 유연성이 재택근무와 가정을 방해하는 일 사이의 관계를 조절하지는 않았으나, 재택근무와 일을 방해하는 가정 사이의 관계는 유의하게 조절하였다. 구체적으로, 유연성이 높을 때는 재택근무와 일을 방해하는 가정 간 관계가 유의하지 않았으나, 유연성이 낮을 때는 유의한 정적 관계를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 재택근무의 활용이 지속될 가능성이 높은 포스트 코로나 시대에서 일-가정 갈등의 완화를 위해서는 조직이 구성원을 위해 업무 주변 경계에서의 유연성을 추가로 제공해야 함을 시사한다.

Abstract

Due to the global spread of infectious diseases, telework has become increasingly prevalent. However, the reported results have been mixed regarding the effectiveness of telework. This study examined whether the relationship between telework and work-family conflict would be changed by the permeability and flexibility of the border around work. Study 1 validated Clark’s (2002) scales of permeability and flexibility characteristics of each work-family border. The scales were first translated into Korean, then back-translated into English to examine item-consistency of the scales. The results of exploratory factor analyses based on 219 Korean working adults showed that the border around work and the border around family each consisted of two factors: permeability and flexibility. Additionally, correlation and regression analyses were conducted to examine the nomological network of the scales using the theoretically relevant predictors and criteria. Study 2 examined border characteristics around work to investigate whether permeability and flexibility moderates the relationship between telework and work-family conflict. A survey was conducted on 250 teleworking Korean adults which showed that flexibility did not moderate the relationship between telework and work-interfering-family. However, the positive relationship between telework and family-interfering-work increased when flexibility was low. This study suggests that organizations should provide flexibility in the border around work, to alleviate the negative impact of work-family conflict on teleworkers during the post COVID-19 period.

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