百濟城郭 內 우물의 登場과 造成過程에 대한 硏究

Abstract

In Baekje castle there are three types of water facilities such as a water tank, a collecting basin, and a well. Water tank(rainwater and fill directly with water) and a collecting basin(rainwater and collection of flowing water) are facilities that store and use surface water. Wells are facilities to find and use ground water. Among these water facilities, a water tank and a collecting basin were always made, but a wells were rarely made. The hydrological environment in which the wells are built is a natural aquifer (alluvial aquifer) or an alluvial land, where the groundwater collects. Therefore, Pungnap Earthen Fortification and Gongsanseong Fortress, Busosanseong Fortress located on the rivers could be wells including alluvial deposits containing groundwater. On the other hand, the acid which is located on a high mountain like a Chuseongsanseong Fortress does not have an alluvial land and water flows down the mountain without gathering underground. Therefore, fortresses located in high mountain did not make a well when they were built. However, wells are built in the high fortresses. All of the wells of the mountain fortress wall are located in the valley and are based on valley sediments that cover a collecting basin. As a collecting basin was covered(disuse), water was stored in the inner soil layer and turned into an environment where the well could be used. Hydrologically, it corresponds to perched aquifer. For example, the well of the Chuseongsanseong Fortress is located in the valley, Below the well is a layer of mud accumulated in the facilities that existed before making the well. Maro-sanseong Fortress is Baekje period Fortress, but well of Koryo period is confirmed. There is a collecting basin under the well. In other words, the fortress on the high mountain was not an environment to make a well when it was first made, so I built a Water tank and a collecting basin, When the collecting basin is covered, the environment changes into an environment where water can be stored in the internal soil, creating a well. It can be seen that the wells were not formed in the small-scale Teemoeic a mountain fortress without valley, but only in the Fogogcic a mountain fortress. On the other hand, when building a mountain fortress, it is possible to live only by a water tank and a collecting basin. Nevertheless, it has been confirmed that the making of the well is due to the function of the well. Wells are facilities that get the cleanest water from the mountain fortress with the least amount of labor. It does not get dirty because it collects running water like a collecting basin, and it does not have to carry water directly like a water tank. And the risk of water quality deterioration due to exposure to the surface in the hot season is low. Wells are naturally collected in the basement, filtered and clarified in the course of reaching the aquifer. And it is disconnected from the surface and stored at low temperature, and is least likely to be deteriorated and contaminated. Therefore, the well was a facility that used the most needed water in the castle. In the future, if wells are identified in ancient mountain fortress, including Baekje fortress, and excavation studies on wells are carried out, it is important to clearly identify the presence of previously a collecting basin.