청주지역 원삼국～백제시대 생활유적 토기 상대편년 연구

Abstract

This article aims to complement the chronological studies on the basis of the pottery discovered in dwelling sites in Cheongju Region and to get basic data for establishing ancient political structure, its scale and transition aspect through combining informations from burial sites. First, I analyzed the distribution pattern of dwelling sites in Cheongju Region and I made chronological order of pottery typology and a relative chronology set up among sites. The spatial distribution of dwelling sites shows that habitants have settled in hill areas near the Miho Stream and its tributaries and they have gradually moved to the floodplain for having arable lands entering the Baekjae Period. We can divide these sites into 3 groups in the final stage of Proto-Three Kindoms Period. ; the first one is Songjeol-dong, Bongmyung-dong in central part of Cheongju Basin; the second one is Ochang area in the northern part of Miho Strerem; the third one is Bunpyung-dong․Sannam-dong in the southern part of Cheongju Basin. During the 4th century, these groups have been unified by political group based on Bongmyong-dong and then dwelling sites have been diffused all over the Cheongju Region. According to pottery analysis, there were 4 stages; the first stage corresponds to the end of the 3th century to the beginning of the 4th century and Bunpyung-dong Site N° I would be attributed to this stage. The influence of Hansung Baekjae didn't show yet and the original culture of Mahan period would be still maintained. The second stage corresponds to the beginning of 4th century to mid-4th century. Yeonjeri site, Pungjeong-ri site, Bunpyung-dong site and early Myungam-dong site would be attributed to this stage. The characteristics of this stage of this stage would be the co-existence of deep bowl type plain hard pottery and the lips of short-necked jar became very various and new pottery types appeared such as pottery with flat bottom, long-necked jar, small short-necked jar, flat cup. It should reflect an important change in Mahan society in Cheongju Region. The third stage corresponds to mid-4th century to the 3/4 of the 4th century. It includes many sites such as Kakyung-dong Locality 4 site, Biha-dong site, Myungam-dong site and Songjeol-dong site. During this stage, old fashioned pottery has been disappeared or changed, especially the pottery lip has been developed and refined. It would be a internal development period, different from the second stage. The fourth stage corresponds to the end of the 4th century and Ssangchung-ri site, Myoungam-dong site and Bongmyoung-dong sites come under this stage. It seems that the internal changes would be continued, which started from the 3th stage but it is difficult to conduct more detailed analysis because lack of data. In brief, dwelling sites in Cheongju Regions show a crucial changes from the second stage and it has been accelerated during the 3rd stage and these stages correspond to Bongmyong-dong Burials stage. Even we have not enough materials concerning dwelling sites, dwelling sites and burial sites of Bongmyung-dong stage provide important information about the establishing of ancient political strucutres in Cheongju Region and their entities.