中國 民間宗敎 硏究에 대한 새로운 패러다임의 摸索
Searching for a New Paradigm in Studies on Chinese Popular Religion
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After the establishment of communist governance in China, popular religions and any other religions also were suppressed as feudal superstitions and the studies on them were severely hit. According to the implementation of the policy on religious freedom and the pluralistic development of culture after Reform and Openning, popular religion has become active again and an important component part of popular mental life, and also has drawn attention of the academic world. Nowadays, however, the studies on the popular religion was caused by the pressing needs of the hour, or promoting social harmony(和諧) and maintaining social stability(控制). This tendency suggests that following governmental intention, researches on the developmental direction of popular religion and its social functions would be intensified. Now, the Chinese academic world advocates that the government tightens regulations and supervision on popular religion prudently to exclude the possibilities for the popular religion to develop as forces deviating governmental control. They are afraid that improper measures would be able to cause unexpected results. One step further, some scholars insist to legalize popular religion and permit to propagate it. It is their opinion that such policy would absorb popular religion into main society under the supervision of laws, and devotees who felt marginalized find their political needs to participate in local, mainstream institutions met fully. After all, it will help popular religion maintain affirmative interaction and show inherent social functions. These opinions, based on experiences acquired through studies of history, emphasize to change the governmental perception of popular religion. Under the freedom of religion and official leadership, I think, whether the policy of the control based on the law would be adopted or not, depends on the extent to which the government wipes out the traditional perspective to treat popular religion according to political stance. Now, although undergoing tremendous changes socially and economically after Reform and Openning, in the perception of government and its primary concern in the sphere of popular religion, China does not depart noticeably from traditional pattern of Ming and Qing period yet.
Abstract
After the establishment of communist governance in China, popular religions and any other religions also were suppressed as feudal superstitions and the studies on them were severely hit. According to the implementation of the policy on religious freedom and the pluralistic development of culture after Reform and Openning, popular religion has become active again and an important component part of popular mental life, and also has drawn attention of the academic world. Nowadays, however, the studies on the popular religion was caused by the pressing needs of the hour, or promoting social harmony(和諧) and maintaining social stability(控制). This tendency suggests that following governmental intention, researches on the developmental direction of popular religion and its social functions would be intensified. Now, the Chinese academic world advocates that the government tightens regulations and supervision on popular religion prudently to exclude the possibilities for the popular religion to develop as forces deviating governmental control. They are afraid that improper measures would be able to cause unexpected results. One step further, some scholars insist to legalize popular religion and permit to propagate it. It is their opinion that such policy would absorb popular religion into main society under the supervision of laws, and devotees who felt marginalized find their political needs to participate in local, mainstream institutions met fully. After all, it will help popular religion maintain affirmative interaction and show inherent social functions. These opinions, based on experiences acquired through studies of history, emphasize to change the governmental perception of popular religion. Under the freedom of religion and official leadership, I think, whether the policy of the control based on the law would be adopted or not, depends on the extent to which the government wipes out the traditional perspective to treat popular religion according to political stance. Now, although undergoing tremendous changes socially and economically after Reform and Openning, in the perception of government and its primary concern in the sphere of popular religion, China does not depart noticeably from traditional pattern of Ming and Qing period yet.
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