중부지역 無側口式 木炭窯에 대한 硏究

Abstract

This paper studied The Charcoal Kiln without a Side-Hole in Central Korea. The purposes of this paper are as follows: 1. To classify the charcoal kiln without a side-hole which was surveyed in Central Korea, 2. To describe the properties of the charcoal kiln without a side-hole, which are very different from those of the charcoal kiln with a side-hole, 3. To presume when the charcoal kiln without a side-hole was made and how it had been changed according to the result of AMS dating and remains. I surveyed 78 charcoal kilns without a side-hole in Central Korea. They can be grouped by their location, The Han River tributaries (E-cheon, Chung-ju and Eum-sung areas) or Southern Gyoung-gee (Yong-in, Hwa-sung and Pyoung-taek). They are located in mountains or near a big river such as Han River. Charcoal kilns without a side-hole are divided into four parts: chimney zone, entrance zone, combustion zone. Chimney zone is classified by shape and depth of its floor. The deeper the floor is, the older the kiln is. Combustion zone is classified into six shapes, in which reversed-triangle-shaped charcoal kilns are the most common. Combustion zone is also classified into ones for black charcoal and the others for white charcoal by the ratio of the major axis of charcoal kilns. Entrance zone doesn't show big differences in shapes. Charcoal kilns without a side-hole are divided into those of bricks and those of clay according to the way of making the wall of the kiln. I found out that most of Charcoal kilns in Central Korea have clay walls. However, one kiln in Chung-ju and there kilns in Chung-ju mountain fortress wall have brick walls. Charcoal kilns without a side-hole was started to be used after around seventh century according to the result of analysis of remains of No.7 kiln in Seongbuk-dong, Yong-in and Shinhyo-ri, Chung-ju. It seems that charcoal kilns with a side-hole were started to disappear at that time. As an earlier charcoal kilns were found in Japan, however, it is likely that the earlier charcoal kilns may appear. Japan discriminates between the stone kiln and the earthen kiln; the former was used to make white charcoal and the latter was used to make black charcoal. In Korea, however, we don't need to differentiate the stone kiln and the earthen kiln because the charcoal kiln with the short ratio of major axis produced both black and white charcoal.