남한지역 목탄요의 변천 양상과 요인

Abstract

This unknown section of the process was examined by reviewing the attributes of wood charcoal kilns, categorizing them according to the form, and putting them in seriation according to their attributes and absolute age dating results to review the periods. Period 1 presented Form I-1 and marked the birth of typical charcoal kilns with a side hole between the middle second century and the end of the fifth century AD. Period 2 presented Forms I-2, II-1, and II-2 and witnessed the coexistence of charcoal kilns with a side hole and those without a side hole between the end of the fifth century and the late eighth century. Period 3 presented Forms II-2 and marked the appearance of typical charcoal kilns without a side hole from the late eighth century to the present. The factors of wood charcoal kilns that changed according to the periods were incorporated into the development of iron production technologies. A possibility was raised that black charcoal with great cost effectiveness was used as the fuel of iron production according to the development of the iron smelting process. It seems that more wood charcoal must have been produced to accommodate mass production based on the development of iron production technologies. The bulk of wood charcoal excavated in relics was calculated to estimate the charcoal output and demonstrate that more charcoal was produced. The results show that the wood charcoal output increased from Period 1 to 3 discussed above. It appears that the wood charcoal output increased according to the development of wood charcoal kilns and thus enabled the smooth supply of wood charcoal in large volumes according to iron production.