고인돌을 만든 사람들의 사유에 관한 연구 - 덮개돌의 굼을 중심으로 -

Abstract

More than 850 dolmens' cup-marks, which justify dolmen builders, were found over the Korean peninsula and Manchuria(North East China). Purposes, periods and distributions of the cup-marks are as follows. 1. In my opinion, I think much chance of building of cup-marks which is based on the cure for the disease and wish for the longevity, even though some scholars of North and South Korea insist that purpose of building of cup-marks on dolmens carve a constellation in a stone and the others maintain that it was carved in the process of building a dolmen by a group of relatives of the primitive men from this point of archaeological view. It may be summarized as follows. 1) There might be lots of cases of the prehistoric mankinds' deaths due to the food poisoning in terms of eating for the poisonous fish, shellfish and mushrooms, besides custody conditions were not good. Naturally, people might take down their hands into the abdomens. And then they might rub their abdomens, because the diseases were cured unless their illnesses were serious. Therefore, they might rub capstone of the dolmen and wish their speedy recovery. 2) Cup-marks were carved on the capstone as the shape of the Great Bear which represents longevity or set in the shape of the Great Bear. 3) Dolmens with cup-marks located either in the huge areas or independently, they would be the subjects of the religious beliefs. 4) They made cup-marks and tortoise shaped capstones intentionally on the tortoise shaped dolmen. By the way, tortoise represents the longevity in Korea. 2. Even though cup-marks might be sufficiently made during after prehistoric ages, it could be the process of making dolmen or carved on the capstone from the early ages. This suggestion based on 1) Awl-tacker was used for the building of cup-marks and then it was found in the dolmens of Yangdeok-ri dolmen, Yangpeong-gun, Gyeonggi province. 2) the cover stones and capstones, which were excavated in Adeuk-ri, Cheongwon-gun, North Chungcheong Province, were carved on the capstones. 3) the following theory. So we can guess the cup-marks of capstones of dolmen excavated in Namjeong-ri, Icheon-si and Jangpyeong-ri, Yongin-si Gyeonggi Province were made before using capstones. 3. Previously, we can also know the fact that cup-marks were made from the Neolithic Age. Firstly, there are cup-marks on the cover-stones and the capstones Adeug-i dolmen in Cheongwon which was built during the Neolithic Age. Secondly, there are also cup-marks on the chipped stone and dolmen of Angdeok-ri, in which Remains of the Stone Age were excavated. Thirdly, there is a dolmen which contains the constellation(cup-mark) was built at least 4,000 years ago by the maintenance of North Korean Scholars. 4. Distributional areas of cup-marks dolmens range from Manchuria to the Korean Peninsula. 1) Even though there are more than 850 (including 270 dolmens in North Korea) cup-marks dolmens in the Korean Peninsula and Machuria as the survey's saying, more than 900 dolmens may be distributed in the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria if we take the omitted regions into consideration. 2) Cup-marks dolmens are distributes very densely in the Nakdong River area, North and South Gyeongsang Province, and more than half of cup-marks dolmens are distributed in this region. 3) We can find a very small number of cup-marks carved on the dolmens in North Jeolla Province, South Chungcheong Province, Ganghwa Island as well as South Jeolla Province which includes about 20,000 dolmens, in shore of the Yellow Sea. 4) More than 270 dolmens distributes in North Korea, which includes more than 200 dolmens in Daedong River area and more than 70 dolmens in Jeongding-ri, Euncheon-gun, South Hwanghae Province. 5) There is only cup-marks dolmens ximucheng dolmen, Haicheng, in Liáoníng Shěng. 6) There are 27 dolmens which includes more than 50 cup-marks mainly in the area of Han River, Imjin River, Daedong River, Nakdong River in the Korean Peninsula.