경주지역 신라시대 귀면문마루끝장식기와 고찰

Abstract

This paper focuses on the roof tiles with monster-mask design (hereafter, RMD) of Silla in Gyeongju. The existence of RMDs of Silla was well known before Korean archaeologists started full-scale excavation in Gyeongju region, but there are still few archaeological studies on them. Although we can see some approaches to RMDs from art history, their focuses are always brought into the pattern and the design of them. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to investigate chronology, classification, and manufacturing method of RMDs of Silla. In Japan, to which the roof tile technology first diffused from Baekje, the design of RMDs changed from sterilized lotus design to parallel line design and animal design,and finally to monster-mask design. The same process can be seen in the Korean Peninsula. An RMD of Silla period though the place where it was found are not clear is the concrete example of this hypothesis, which is the same type with the ones of Sabi period of Baekje, and the patterns of these RMDs are drawn by freehand, not in a mold. Thus, it is supposed that the technology of Silla RMD is first influenced by Baekje roof tile technology. This initial RMD of Silla would date back just before the formation of the Unified Silla. Representative RMDs of Unified Silla is those from Kounsaji temple. Kosunsaji temple is constructed under the reign of King ‘Taejong-Muyolwang’. The typology of three-story stone stupa and the turtle monument support tells us that the construction of the main part of this temple was completed around the initial Unified Silla. The RMDs from this temple are decollated with peony arabesque and lotus flower pattern on its front and side, and a fixture are put on the back. This RMD are thought to be the initial type of Kosunsaji temple which follows the RMD mentioned above. It is still difficult to say exactly when Unified Silla RMD appeared, but RMD were manufactured throughout Unified Silla period. At present, Unified Silla RMD are classified into 53 types, and are mainly distributed in the central region and outside regions of Gyeongju and its circumference.