불교적 禮儀를 통해 본 17세기 내륙아시아

Abstract

This paper focused on the Rituals for political ceremonies among the Inner Asian World mainly includes Mongol, Tibet, and the Qing during the 17th century. In most cultural regions, sociery members commonly have formed their own indigenous ritual system which may be prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religio-political community. The Mongol, Tibet and the Manchu of Qing dynasty all had had a typical nationality, even though they had shared the common tradition derived from the nomadic culture. But from the late 16th and the 17th centuries, they made political coalitions each other and simultaneously shared the religion, Tibetan Buddhism. The third, the 5th Dalai Lama and the 6th Panchen Lama individually visited A-mdo Mongols, some southern Mongolian cities accompanying temples and Beijing. Some changes in Ritual system arouse from their visitings to temples and cities in Inner Asia. Buddhist monk from the Geluk, the Yellow Hat sect had been sent to the every corner of the Inner Asia including the Manchu court as an resident officer from Lhasa, though after the demise of Dzongar Mongols some monks had been sent from Qing court. Especially the Qutughtu(Living Buddha) recognized officially from the Geluk presided over political ceremonies around the Inner Asia like as Council, Assembly and so on. Mongols had kept for a long time the Kuriltai ceremony as the most important political and military council of the ancient tradition. After conversion to the Tibetan Buddhism, Mongols accepted Rituals of the Fan-Feng(梵封), Qutughtu(Living Buddha) and seating arrangements based on the gdan yig. These Ritual system firmly connected to the Geluk sect of Lhasa managed by Dalai Lama. But Mongols accepted rituals managed by Tibetan monks for the rebuilt of Mongol Empire of Qinggis Khan, so Mongols selectively reconciled the Inner Asian Rituals correlated with Tibetan Buddhism for political purposes.