明末 ‘補儒易佛論’의 成立과 進化 ― 徐光啟의 『闢釋氏諸妄』을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

In the history of Early-Modern China, it is noteworthy that European religious thinking, namely Catholicism, was introduced to its intellectual milieu. As is well known, Matteo Ricci initiated and developed the adaptive mission policy called accommodationism in China, suggesting the thesis that “Catholicism complements Confucianism and replaces Buddhism”, buru yifo. The innovative mission policy enabled Chinese literati society to accept the European religious thoughts. This study aims to provide implications on the foundation of buru yifo in the context of intellectual history which has not been thoroughly investigated in existing scholarly works. From the perspective of the formulation and evolution of the Jesuit accommodationism in China, of buru yifo, it examines a hybridized form of anti-Buddhist discourse by the comparison between Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi. Xu successively shared the legacy of Ricci in his anti-Buddhist discussions, but beyond that, he further hybridized Neo-Confucian way of anti-Buddhist polemics as one of Chinese intellectuals in late Ming period. In his Pishishi zhuwang, Xu continued a Christian critique of Buddhism shown in Tianzhu shiyi particularly sharing Thomas Aquinas’ theory on souls and the presupposition of Omnipotent God. Furthermore, beyond Ricci, Xu criticized various other points of Buddhist doctrines specifically centering on their bringing about socio-moral harms. Such characteristic of Xu’s work demonstrates that the first-generation Chinese Catholic did not merely accept Jesuit accommodationism in one-sided manner, but enjoyed an agency of evolving the Jesuit discourse into a further hybridized form for his sake.