나가추의 활동과 14세기말 동아시아 政勢

Abstract

In 1368, Qan of Togon Temür gave up large town and moved northward so that Liaoyangxingsheng(遼陽行省) that was government organization of Liaodong of the Yuan could play role of an important bridgehead of the North Yuan enough to fight against the Ming. When Yu Yi(劉益) suddenly surrendered to the Ming, the North Yuan that lost Liaoyangxingsheng moved its governmental center to Qara Qorom to concentrate all of powers and to prepare for all-out offensive against the Ming. And, remaining power of the Yuan that took active part in Liaoyangxingsheng surrendered to Nagachü to form a gigantic power near 200,000 and to be the largest militarists in Manchuria, and its activity became an important variable of political change at Liaodong at the end of the 14th century. In 1372, Nagachü attacked Niugajiang(牛家庄), Liaodong outpost of the Ming's military force to block the Ming's supply route to Liaodong and to give a fatal damage to the Ming's military force. In 1375, however, Nagachü failed in massive attack for recovery of Liaodong, and he sought after new breakthrough to attack Liaodong by combined operations with Koryo. Nagachü who lost military base could not fight against the Ming's military force and finally surrendered to the Ming: After Nagachü's surrender, domino phenomenon of large-scaled surrender occurred in Manchuria. Nagachü's surrender weakened North Yuan's military force greatly to lose Liaodong's military base and to terminate Togon Temür regime. Nagachü's surrender disturbed all of Mongolia and Togus Temür regime that was attacked by the Ming's military force in April 1388 was forced to be destroyed. Togus Temür's defeat and death actually terminated the North Yuan's power that established Southern-Northen Dynasties against the Ming Dynasty. Not only Nagachü's surrender but also Togus Temür regime's collapse caused severe damage to last Liaowang(遼王) of Ajasri of Otchigin Family that was gigantic power at Laodong. At last, the North Yuan regime was destroyed to let the Mongolian ruling class surrender continuously so that Ajasri also got independent management of Ulus from the Ming regime to surrender to the Ming in November 1388. At the end of the 14th century when the ruler in East Asia was replaced, the Koryo Dynasty used neutral diplomatic strategies between the Ming and the North Yuan to adopt dual diplomatic line. When Nagachü who played a bumper role between the Ming regime and the Koryo Dynasty surrendered to the Ming regime in 1387, the Koryo Dynasty was given direct threat from the Ming regime. Nagachü who prevented occupation of Liaodong surrendered to the Ming so that the Ming could reinforce attack to Liaodong to establish Tielingyi. Nagachü's surrender caused severe damage to the Koryo Dynasty that could keep balance at the northern border by relying upon Nagachü. Ju Won-jang adopted policy toward the Koryo Dynasty by check and attack against Nagachü power. The Ming gave up soft-line policy toward the Koryo Dynasty after Nagachü's surrender. East Asia that kept balance among the Koryo Dynasty, the North Yuan and the Ming was quickly reorganized to let the Ming take the lead after Nagachü's surrender.