『佃漁志』의 어류박물학과 『和漢三才圖會』
The Influence of Wakasansaizue on the Natural History of Fishes in Jeoneoji
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This paper examines the influence of Wakansansaizue on the natural history of fishes in Jeoneoji, which shows the way in which the study of natural objects was developed in the later Joseon dynasty. The Japanese encyclopaedia Wakansansaizue made a major contribution to the fourth volume of Seo Yoo-gu's Imwongyeongjeji, titled Jeoneoji, especially to a chapter in the volume, ‘Eomyeonggo’ (魚名考, the study of fish names). His explanation of marine species was rooted more in Wakansansaizue than in the Chinese categorisation as adapted in Bencao gangmu. Based upon the Japanese approach, thus, Seo divided fishes into two parts: river fishes and sea fishes. However, his investigation included a number of errors and deficiencies, some of which were major. These errors arose due to reasons beyond the author's ability to deal with different sources. They were intrinsic to two mentioned works out of which Seo's volume grew, and had remained largely unquestioned and been widely accepted for a long time. At the same time, Seo's approach, too, found itself problematic. His classification of fishes was not based upon empirical data like fish pictures or actual objects but only on the examination of fish names and their meanings. Moreover, Seo's study was conducted in intellectual isolation from his contemporaries as many scholars of his time tended to disregard the research of natural objects. It is obvious that this intellectual climate prevented rapid improvements in the knowledge of natural history in Joseon.
Abstract
This paper examines the influence of Wakansansaizue on the natural history of fishes in Jeoneoji, which shows the way in which the study of natural objects was developed in the later Joseon dynasty. The Japanese encyclopaedia Wakansansaizue made a major contribution to the fourth volume of Seo Yoo-gu's Imwongyeongjeji, titled Jeoneoji, especially to a chapter in the volume, ‘Eomyeonggo’ (魚名考, the study of fish names). His explanation of marine species was rooted more in Wakansansaizue than in the Chinese categorisation as adapted in Bencao gangmu. Based upon the Japanese approach, thus, Seo divided fishes into two parts: river fishes and sea fishes. However, his investigation included a number of errors and deficiencies, some of which were major. These errors arose due to reasons beyond the author's ability to deal with different sources. They were intrinsic to two mentioned works out of which Seo's volume grew, and had remained largely unquestioned and been widely accepted for a long time. At the same time, Seo's approach, too, found itself problematic. His classification of fishes was not based upon empirical data like fish pictures or actual objects but only on the examination of fish names and their meanings. Moreover, Seo's study was conducted in intellectual isolation from his contemporaries as many scholars of his time tended to disregard the research of natural objects. It is obvious that this intellectual climate prevented rapid improvements in the knowledge of natural history in Joseon.
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