萬曆年間, 呂宋의 入貢 要請과 明朝의 對應 ― 福建당국의 역할을 중심으로 ―
The Negotiation between Ming Dynasty and Luzón Spanish Government in 1575
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This article indicates that in the 16th century, Fujian Government, who had been directly engaged in negotiations with Manila Spanish Government, played a leading role in forming a relation between Ming dynasty and Manila Spanish Government, which originated in the first visit of Spanish delegation in 1575. For that, I would scrutiny documents in both Chinese and Spanish, and cross-check the record in Spanish documents with anthologies of Liu Yaohui(劉堯誨). In 1575, a Chinese captain named Wang Wanggao(王望高, a.k.a. Homonco in Spanish) was dispatched to Lüsong(呂宋), i.e. the Island of Luzón. His mission was to persuade Luzón to attack a group of Chinese corsair which was led by Lin Feng(林鳳, a.k.a. Limahong in Spanish). Wang met Guido de Lavezares, the general-governor of Manila, and Wang suggested to Lavezares that Manila dispatch a delegation to China. Lavezares, who had planned to trade with China in the same way as Portuguese had done on the coast of China, accepted Wang’s suggestion. Lavezares formed a delegation, whose head was Martín de Rada, an Austin Friar, and dispatched a delegation to Ming China. They had a negotiation with Mandarins of Fujian, to gain permission to trade and preach in China, though Mandarins was reluctant to accept their suggestion. Liu Yaohui(劉堯誨), the Grand Coordinator of Fujian(福建巡撫), did not report their suggestion to Ming court, and Ming court regarded them as an delegation of ‘paying tribute’(來貢). Ming court rewarded them according to the statute of Joseon repatriation. From this, we can see the relation between Ming dynasty and Manila Spanish Government was led by Fujian Government, and they created a new strategy which was not based on the tributary system.
Abstract
This article indicates that in the 16th century, Fujian Government, who had been directly engaged in negotiations with Manila Spanish Government, played a leading role in forming a relation between Ming dynasty and Manila Spanish Government, which originated in the first visit of Spanish delegation in 1575. For that, I would scrutiny documents in both Chinese and Spanish, and cross-check the record in Spanish documents with anthologies of Liu Yaohui(劉堯誨). In 1575, a Chinese captain named Wang Wanggao(王望高, a.k.a. Homonco in Spanish) was dispatched to Lüsong(呂宋), i.e. the Island of Luzón. His mission was to persuade Luzón to attack a group of Chinese corsair which was led by Lin Feng(林鳳, a.k.a. Limahong in Spanish). Wang met Guido de Lavezares, the general-governor of Manila, and Wang suggested to Lavezares that Manila dispatch a delegation to China. Lavezares, who had planned to trade with China in the same way as Portuguese had done on the coast of China, accepted Wang’s suggestion. Lavezares formed a delegation, whose head was Martín de Rada, an Austin Friar, and dispatched a delegation to Ming China. They had a negotiation with Mandarins of Fujian, to gain permission to trade and preach in China, though Mandarins was reluctant to accept their suggestion. Liu Yaohui(劉堯誨), the Grand Coordinator of Fujian(福建巡撫), did not report their suggestion to Ming court, and Ming court regarded them as an delegation of ‘paying tribute’(來貢). Ming court rewarded them according to the statute of Joseon repatriation. From this, we can see the relation between Ming dynasty and Manila Spanish Government was led by Fujian Government, and they created a new strategy which was not based on the tributary system.
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