乾隆年間 北京城 地圖와 國家典禮 記錄畵

Abstract

This paper is aimed to understand in aspect of the structural changes of the capital city through the maps of Beijing and the documentary paintings during the reign of Qianlong Emperor. Due to the influence making techniques of the Western cartography, the map of Beijing in detail showed the more systematic aspect of Beijing's governance than before. In addition, the maps reflected the past trace of Beijing over time. The paintings of the imperial ceremonies against the backdrop of Beijing were made in great styles in the reign of Qianlong. These paintings are national-scale recordings centered around the palace and outside the walls of Beijing capital city at the time and are meaningful visual materials that show the actual status of rituals held at the site along with the related records. The paintings were classified by the state rituals in the Qing Dynasty. These allow for practical access to the intentions of the Qing emperor and politicians to realize in the capital city of Beijing. The ceremonies of the Emperor and the Empress dowager' Birthday were held to celebrate on a national scale. The imperial family were also congratulated by the government officials and foreign envoys. A number of court paintings and wood-blocks were made in the background of the celebration of the Emperor and the Empress dowager' Birthday. The paintings of the banquet for victorious campaign at Ziguang-ge(紫光閣) and the ceremony offering captives and the head of an enemy to the Emperor at Wumen(午門) are the military ceremonies commemorating the victory on a foreign expedition in 1760. The military skating game on ice at Taiyechi(太液池) around the time of winter solstice to promote the martialism and to make a show force to foreign countries. The paintings of the national ceremonies against Beijing capital focused on the powerful imperial power, the era of prosperity, and the images reproduced great powers of the Qing Dynasty.