1950년대 대학과 ‘교양’ 독자

Abstract

This paper is about series of situations of stimulating the institutionalization of knowledge and the organization of intellectual group result from universitie rapid growth in the 1950s, and “culture”(敎養) constructed by and within these conditions in relation with readers. “Culture”, blooming in Europe, had formed diverse discourses after accepted in Korea through Japan in the colonial period, which also combined with the culture educational paradigm in the USA in the courses of establishing university and the system after Liberation from Japanese rule. As we know, conceptual history of “culture” says that it means knowledges and understanding of the cultural heritages of human and means “improving oneself”(修養), judgement, communicating ability, and sense or taste of cultural products at same time. However the contents and ideas of culture in the 1950s had constituted on most part in relation with the system of “university.” As it were, as knowledge or intellectual supported by the system became compatible with culture or cultured person, desire of culture and cultured people formed social boom, combined with desire of rising status as cultural elite. It seems that implications and the ways to exist of “culture” had been sometimes wasted as academist and spiritualist exclusive property for academic elites from university society or sometimes fashionable items for a mass of readers in context of popularization and secularization, which could be demonstrated through curriculums, important persons’ statements or newspapers of university in the 1950s, and media or publications like newspapers or Sasanggye. This shows that “culture” as “general knowledge”, having meanings distinguishable from specialized knowledge, got a crack in context of social circulation. Required reading' lists for “culture” were proposed around cannons of humanities. Many arguments occurred because of the fact that the reading wasn’t for the general public and the utility had must be questionable. In short, it can be said to that social desires for academic elites was realized in the arrangement and composition of ‘culture’ in media of university system, in which we can read a crack of spiritualism and snobbism in the post－war ideological situations preventing from critic reflection and disciplining thinking.