『三國遺事』 「孝善」篇의 어머니像을 통해서 본 孝의 의미

Abstract

This thesis treats the tales in “Filial Piety and Good Deeds” in Samkookyusa from the perspective of motherhood. First, I have examined the image of motherhood. ‘The Great Mother’ is duplicitous, giving not only life but also death. And it is explained in the framework of ‘growth/maturity’. If a mother sees to it that her child ‘grows’ well and starts an independent life, such provision would serve as a sign that guarantees the maturity of the mother. Second, I have studied differences among ‘Buddhist Monk Jinjeong’s Filial Piety and Good Deeds Are Beautiful’, ‘Kim Dae-seong Fulfills His Filial Piety for Two Generations of Parents’, ‘Sohn Sun Buries His Son’, and ‘A Poor Woman Takes Care of Her Mother’, the four pieces treating motherhood of all the titles included in “Filial Piety and Good Deeds” of Samkookyusa. To begin with, all of the four pieces partake of the clear framework: ‘filial piety → obstacles to fulfillment of filial piety → overcoming obstacles → compensation’. Yet, they differ in specific type of obstacle, ways to overcome them, and specifics of compensation, with especially their Buddhist characteristics registering significant difference from typical tales of filial piety fulfilled. I have surveyed the four titles for the ways to fulfill filial piety and the role of a mother. First of all, in examining the tales, I have questioned whether it is the mother or the child that leads the overcoming of obstacles or whether it is a concerted act of the mother and the child or the child’s independent act. And the tales have come in the order of ‘Jinjeong’, ‘Daeseong’, ‘Poor Woman’, and ‘Sohn Sun’. Next, with regard to the ways to overcome obstacles and rationality, the tales have come in the order of ‘Jinjeong’, ‘Daeseong’, ‘Poor Woman’, and ‘Sohn Sun’. Lastly, when the tales are examined to see whether the decisive factor in overcoming obstacles is a person’s own ability or some other power, they have come in the order of ‘Jinjeong’, ‘Daeseong’, ‘Sohn Sun’, and ‘Poor Woman’. Third, I have looked into the relationship between filial piety and good deeds. ‘Sohn Sun’ and ‘Poor Woman’ in which the mother’s affection for the child is not visibly treated, has their focus on providing comfortable care for the mother. Whereas, ‘Daeseong’ shows how a child’s intention is correctly understood and how a character progresses to attainment through repentance of errors, which consists in realizing one’s errors through metempsychosis in the eternal cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. And ‘Jinjeong’ begins by pursuing the path toward the Buddhist priesthood and practice of asceticism and practices salvation of humankind through joining the Buddist priesthood until at last he ensures the mother’s achievement. While the main character of ‘Sohn Sun’ overly focuses on taking care of his mother and thereby fails to achieve coexistence, ‘Daeseong’ and ‘Jinjeong’ convincingly demonstrates how one achieves maturity by helping the child’s growth.