Kinetic Responses of Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission to Increasing Urea Application Rate
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BACKGROUND: Application of urea may increase CO_2 emission from soils due both to CO_2 generation from urea hydrolysis and fertilizer-induced decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing urea application on CO_2 emission from soil and mineralization kinetics of indigenous SOC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Emission of CO_2 from a soil amended with four different rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 mg N/kg soil) of urea was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment for 110 days. Cumulative CO_2 emission (Ccum) was linearly increased with urea application rate due primarily to the contribution of urea-C through hydrolysis to total CO_2 emission. First-order kinetics parameters (C0, mineralizable SOC pool size; k, mineralization rate) became greater with increasing urea application rate; C0 increased from 665.1 to 780.3 mg C/kg and k from 0.024 to 0.069 day-1, determinately showing fertilizer-induced SOC mineralization. The relationship of C0 (non-linear) and k (linear) with urea-N application rate revealed different responses of C0 and k to increasing rate of fertilizer N. CONCLUSION(s): The relationship of mineralizable SOC pool size and mineralization rate with urea-N application rate suggested that increasing N fertilization may accelerate decomposition of readily decomposable SOC; however, it may not always stimulate decomposition of non-readily decomposable SOC that is protected from microbial decomposition.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Application of urea may increase CO_2 emission from soils due both to CO_2 generation from urea hydrolysis and fertilizer-induced decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing urea application on CO_2 emission from soil and mineralization kinetics of indigenous SOC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Emission of CO_2 from a soil amended with four different rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 mg N/kg soil) of urea was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment for 110 days. Cumulative CO_2 emission (Ccum) was linearly increased with urea application rate due primarily to the contribution of urea-C through hydrolysis to total CO_2 emission. First-order kinetics parameters (C0, mineralizable SOC pool size; k, mineralization rate) became greater with increasing urea application rate; C0 increased from 665.1 to 780.3 mg C/kg and k from 0.024 to 0.069 day-1, determinately showing fertilizer-induced SOC mineralization. The relationship of C0 (non-linear) and k (linear) with urea-N application rate revealed different responses of C0 and k to increasing rate of fertilizer N. CONCLUSION(s): The relationship of mineralizable SOC pool size and mineralization rate with urea-N application rate suggested that increasing N fertilization may accelerate decomposition of readily decomposable SOC; however, it may not always stimulate decomposition of non-readily decomposable SOC that is protected from microbial decomposition.
참고문헌 (19)
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