토양 수분 변동 조건에서 시비 및 유기물 투입에 따른 CO2와 CH4 방출 특성
Fertilizer and Organic Inputs Effects on CO2 and CH4 Emission from a Soil under Changing Water Regimes
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BACKGROUND: Agricultural inputs (fertilizer and organic inputs) and water conditions can influence CH4 and CO2 emission from agricultural soils. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of agricultural inputs (fertilizer and organic inputs) under changing water regime on CH4 and CO2 emission from a soil in a laboratory incubation experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four treatments were laid out: control without input and three type of agricultural inputs ((NH4)2SO4, AS; pig manure compost, PMC; hairy vetch, HV). Fertilizer and organic inputs were mixed with 25 g of soil at 2.75 mg N/25 g soil (equivalent to 110 kg N/ha) in a bottle with septum, and incubated for 60 days. During the first 30-days incubation, the soil was waterlogged (1 cm of water depth) by adding distilled water weekly, and on 30 days of incubation, excess water was discarded then incubated up to 60 days without addition of water. Based on the redox potential, water regime could be classified into wetting (1 to 30 days), transition (31 to 40days), and drying periods (41 to 60 days). Across the entire period, CH4 and CO2 flux ranged from 0 to 13.8 mg CH4/m/day and from 0.4∼1.9 g CO2/m/day, and both were relatively higher in the early wetting period and the boundary between transition and drying periods. During the entire period, % loss of C relative to the initial was highest in HV (16.4%) followed by AS (8.1%), PMC (7.5%), and control (5.4%), indicating readily decomposability of HV. Accordingly, both CH4 and CO2 fluxes were greatest in HV treatment. Meanwhile, the lower CH4 flux in AS and PMC treatments than the control was ascribed to reduction in CH4generation due to the presence of oxidized compounds such as SO42-, Fe3+, Mn4+, and NO3-that compete with precursors of CH4 for electrons. CONCLUSION: Green manure such as HV can replace synthetic fertilizer in terms of N input, however, it may increase CH4 emission from soils. Therefore, co-application of green manure and livestock manure compost needs to be considered in order to achieve satisfactory N supply and to mitigate CH4 and CO2 emission.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Agricultural inputs (fertilizer and organic inputs) and water conditions can influence CH4 and CO2 emission from agricultural soils. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of agricultural inputs (fertilizer and organic inputs) under changing water regime on CH4 and CO2 emission from a soil in a laboratory incubation experiment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four treatments were laid out: control without input and three type of agricultural inputs ((NH4)2SO4, AS; pig manure compost, PMC; hairy vetch, HV). Fertilizer and organic inputs were mixed with 25 g of soil at 2.75 mg N/25 g soil (equivalent to 110 kg N/ha) in a bottle with septum, and incubated for 60 days. During the first 30-days incubation, the soil was waterlogged (1 cm of water depth) by adding distilled water weekly, and on 30 days of incubation, excess water was discarded then incubated up to 60 days without addition of water. Based on the redox potential, water regime could be classified into wetting (1 to 30 days), transition (31 to 40days), and drying periods (41 to 60 days). Across the entire period, CH4 and CO2 flux ranged from 0 to 13.8 mg CH4/m/day and from 0.4∼1.9 g CO2/m/day, and both were relatively higher in the early wetting period and the boundary between transition and drying periods. During the entire period, % loss of C relative to the initial was highest in HV (16.4%) followed by AS (8.1%), PMC (7.5%), and control (5.4%), indicating readily decomposability of HV. Accordingly, both CH4 and CO2 fluxes were greatest in HV treatment. Meanwhile, the lower CH4 flux in AS and PMC treatments than the control was ascribed to reduction in CH4generation due to the presence of oxidized compounds such as SO42-, Fe3+, Mn4+, and NO3-that compete with precursors of CH4 for electrons. CONCLUSION: Green manure such as HV can replace synthetic fertilizer in terms of N input, however, it may increase CH4 emission from soils. Therefore, co-application of green manure and livestock manure compost needs to be considered in order to achieve satisfactory N supply and to mitigate CH4 and CO2 emission.
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