토마토 유기재배에서 혼합유박과 볏짚의 적정시용량 및 토양 물리성에 미치는 영향
Optimal Application Rate of Mixed Expeller Cake and Rice Straw and Impacts on Physical Properties of Soil in Organic Cultivation of Tomato
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유기농 토마토 재배에서 유기자원인 혼합유박과 볏짚의 혼용에 대한 적정 시용량을 구명하고자, 무처리구, 혼합유박 1.0N(표준시비구), 볏짚구, 볏짚＋혼합유박 0.5 N, 볏짚＋혼합유박 1.0 N 등 5처리를 두고 4작기에 걸쳐 2년간 시험을 수행하였다. 작물의 수량을 기준으로 한 질소 양분기준은 1작기에서의 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소 함량이 220 mg/kg 인 경우 모든 처리에서 수량의 차이가 없어 무시비 재배가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 하지만 2작기에서는 무처리 및 볏짚구에서 수량의 감소를 보였으며, 3작기에서는 볏짚＋혼합유박 0.5 N처리에서 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었는데 이러한 수량의 차이를 보이는 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소의 함량 기준은 160 mg/kg으로 평가되었으며, 질소 부족에 따른 질소공급원인 혼합유박 등의 표준시비가 요구되었다. 유기자원의 연용에 처리에서 볏짚은 용적밀도, 토양입단, 양이온치환용량, 부식함량 등 토양 물리성을 개선시키는 효과를 보였으나, 혼합유박에서는 토양 물리성 개량에의 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러므로 토마토 유기재배에서의 시비관리는 토양 중 질산태질소 함량에 따른 혼합유박의 적정 시비량 적용과 함께 토양물리성 개량 효과가 뛰어난 볏짚을 같이 시용해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In this study, 5 different treatments such as non-treatment, mixed expeller cake 1.0 N (standard nitrogen fertilizer), rice straw, rice straw＋mixed expeller cake 0.5 N, rice straw＋mixed expeller cake 1.0 N were performed over 4 cropping seasons over 2 years in order to identify the optimal application rate of mixture of rice straw and mixed expeller cake, organic source in organic cultivation of tomatoes. METHODS AND RESULTS: There was no difference in all treatments in case of 200 mg/kg in the nitrate nitrogen content in soil prior to the first cropping season test under the criteria for nitrogen nutrient based on yield of crops, cultivation without fertilizers seems possible. But in the second cropping season, no treatment and rice straw showed the reduction of yield and in the third cropping season, rice-straw＋mixed expeller cake 0.5 N treatment showed the significant difference. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil prior to cropping seasons was evaluated in 160 mg/kg and standard fertilization such as mixed expeller cake, source of nitrogen, are needed due to the deficiency of nitrogen. In terms of application of organic resources, rice straw showed the effects of improvements on physical properties of soil such as bulk density, cation exchange capacity and humus contents, but the mixed expeller cake did not show any significant differences in improvements on physical properties of soil. CONCLUSION(s): Fertilizer management in organic cultivation of tomatoes is thought to produce the reliable quantity of crops as well as keep the high quality of soils by using the optimal application rate of mixed expeller cake according to the contents of nitrate nitrogen in soil and rice straw which improves the physical properties of soil.
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