빈곤가정 청소년의 심리사회적 적응 : 위험요인과 보호요인의 탐색
Poverty and Psychosocial Adjustment of Adolescents: Exploration of Risk Factors and Protective Factors
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본 연구에서는 기초생활보호대상인 빈곤가정 청소년 146명(남 78, 여 68)과 비교집단 청소년 327명(남 160, 여 167)의 심리사회적 적응수준을 비교하고, 환경요인, 개인적 특성, 사회적 지지요인 등 이들의 심리적 적응에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 위험요인과 보호요인의 역할을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 빈곤가정 청소년과 비교집단은 우울, 외현화 문제행동 등 적응지표에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 전반적으로 가족 및 또래환경요인은 우울과 외현화 문제행동에 모두 중요한 영향력을 가지는 반면 사회적 지지요인은 우울에는 중요한 비중을 차지하였으나 외현화 문제행동에 대한 설명력은 매우 적었고, 개인의 스트레스 대처방식은 대체적으로 두 가지 적응지표와 고른 상관관계를 보였다. 구체적인 위험요인으로는 가족의 정서적 환경, 친구의 비행성향, 그리고 회피적 대처방식이 우울, 외현화 문제행동 등 부적응의 지표와 유의한 부적 상관을 보여 중요한 위험요인으로 나타났고, 부모, 또래의 사회적 지지는 열악한 환경의 부정적 영향을 완화시켜주는 보호요인으로 작용함을 시사하였다. 위험요인과 보호요인의 전반적인 내용은 빈곤집단과 비교집단의 남녀 청소년에서 유사한 양상으로 나타났으나 부모지지의 보호적 기능은 빈곤집단에서 상대적으로 약화되는 경향이 있어 집단의 특성과 환경적 맥락에 따라 그 비중이 달라질 수 있음을 시사하였다.
Abstract
146 adolescents from low income families on public assistance(Low Income Group) were compared to the Comparison Group of 327 adolescents in the psychosocial adjustment, and risk and protective factors associated with their adjustment were examined. The Low Income Group did not differ significantly from the Comparison Group in self-reported depression and externalizing behavior problems. Family risk factor, association with delinquent peers and avoidant coping style significantly increased risk for depression and externalizing problems, while positive coping style of adolescents and social support from parents, peers and teachers emerged as important protective factors. Family-related risk factor appeared to be more important for psychosocial adjustment of girls compared to boys, while protective function of parental support appeared to be considerably weakened in the Low-income Group, suggesting that specific influence of risk and protective factors might differ depending upon the psychological characteristics and environmental context of the group.
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