감자수염진딧물 (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)의 온도발육모형과 출산생명표
Temperature-dependent developmental models and fertility life table of the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas on eggplant
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초록
감자수염진딧물 (Macrosiphum euphorbiae)의 온도별 발육은 12.5~27.5°C까지 2.5°C 간격 (상대습도 65±5%, 광주 기 16L : 8D), 7개 온도조건에서 1~2령, 3~4령의 2단계로 구분하여 조사하였다. 약충의 사망률은 7개 온도 중 6개 온도에서 10% 미만이었으나, 27.5°C에서 사망률은 53.0%였다. 온도별 발육기간은 15.0°C에서 15.5일, 25.0°C에서는 6.7일로 고온으로 갈수록 발육기간은 짧아졌으나, 27.5°C에서는 발육기간이 다시 길어져 9.7일이었다. 약충의 발육영점온도는 2.6°C였고, 유효적산온도는 144.5일도였다. 약충의 발육을 5가지 비선형발육모형에 적용한 결과 Logan6(r2=0.99) 모형이 발육에 적합하였고, 발육완료분포모형은 2-Weibull과 3-Weibull의 모형 적합성 (r2)이 각각 0.92와 0.93으로 유사하였다. 성충 수명과 산자 수에서 성충 수명은 온도가 증가함에 따라 짧아지는 경향을 보였고, 산자수는 20.0°C에서 64.4개로 가장 많은 산자를 생산하였다. 생명표분석에서 순증가율 (R0)은 20.0°C에서 63.2로 가장 컸고, 내적자연증가율 (rm)은 25.0°C에서 1.393로 가장 컸다. 배수증가기간 (Dt)은 25.0°C에서 2.091로 가장 짧았다. 기간자연증가율 (λ)은 25°C에서 가장 컸고 (1.393), 평균세대기간 (T)은 25°C에서 9.929로 가장 짧았다.
Abstract
The nymphal development of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), was studied at seven constant temperatures (12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, and 27.5±1°C), 65±5% relative humidity (RH), and 16 : 8 h light/dark photoperiods. The developmental investigation of M. euphorbiae was separated into two steps, the 1st through 2nd and the 3rd through 4th stages. The mortality was under 10% at six temperatures. However, it was 53.0% at 27.5°C. The developmental time of the entire nymph stage was 15.5 days at 15.0°C, 6.7 days at 25.0°C, and 9.7 days at 27.5°C. In the immature stage, the lower threshold temperature of the larvae was 2.6°C and the thermal constant was 144.5 DD. In our analysis of the temperature-development experiment, the Logan-6 model equation was most appropriate for the non-linear regression models (r 2=0.99). When the distribution completion model of each development stage of M. euphorbiae larvae was applied to the 2-parameter and 3-parameter Weibull functions, each of the model’s goodness of fit was very similar (r 2=0.92 and 0.93, respectively). The adult longevity decreased as the temperature increased but the total fecundity of the females at each temperature was highest at 20°C. The life table parameters were calculated using the whole lifespan periods of M. euphorbiae at the above six temperatures. The net reproduction rate (R0) was highest at 20.0°C (63.2). The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was highest at 25°C (1.393). The finite rate of doubling time (Dt) was the shortest at 25.0°C (2.091). The finite rate of increase (λ) was also the highest at 25.0°C (1.393). The mean generation time (T ) was the shortest at 25.0°C (9.929).
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