토양 pH와 질소 관비 비종에 따른 토마토 생육 및 토양화학성 변화
Changes of Tomato Growth and Soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Soil pH and Nitrogen Fertilizers
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초록
이 실험은 관비재배시 토양 pH와 질소 비종이 토마토 생육과 토양화학성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하고자 수행하였다. 시험작물은 동양계 품종인 ‘슈퍼도태랑’을 이용하여 18 L 포트에서 3개월간 재배하였으며 토양 pH를 6.88과 8.77 두수준으로 조절하였다. 주요 관비 비종인 요소, 질산암모늄,황산암모늄, 질산칼륨를 이용하였으며 관비 농도는 0, 10,50, 100 mg N/L로 조절하였다. 토양의 pH가 8.77일때pH 6.88에 비하여 수량과 엽록소 형광반응이 감소하였으나질산암모늄과 황산암모늄을 이용하여 관비할 경우 토마토 수량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. pH 6.88일 경우 비종보다는 관비 농도가 증가할수록 수량이 증가하였다. 토마토 재배후 비종에 따른 화학성 변화를 살펴보면 토양의 pH는 질산암모늄과 황산암모늄을 시용하였을 경우 감소하였으며 질산칼륨 시용 시 토양 pH와 칼륨함량이 높아졌다. 토양 내 EC 는 황산암모늄 100 mg N/L 시용 시 다른 비종에 비하여2배 이상 높아졌다. 질산태질소와 암모늄태 질소는 비종별로크게 차이는 없었지만 pH가 높을 때 토양 내 함량이 적은것으로 나타났다. 이 실험 결과 요소와 질산암모늄을 관비용비종으로 이용하면 토마토 재배 전 후 토양화학성의 변화가크지 않은 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine effects of soil pH and form of nitrogen fertilizers on tomato growth and chemical properties of greenhouse soil using ferigation system. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Superdoterang) were grown for three months in 18 L pots filled with two soil (pH 6.8 and pH 8.7). 4 different nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and potassium nitrate) were fertigated with different concentrations of 0, 10, 50, and 100 mg N/L during tomato cultivation. Soil pH 8.7 decreased yield and chlorophyll fluorescence compared with soil pH 6.8. Yield at soil pH 8.7 increased by ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate fertigation. Soil pH 6.8 induced increment of yield by nitrogen concentration than form of nitrogen fertilizers. Soil pH after cultivation of tomato decreased by application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate. Soil EC by 100 mg N/L application of ammonium sulfate was twice as much as other fertilizers. Form of nitrogen fertilizer had less effect on concentration of soil NH4+-N and NO3--N in soil but the concentrations slightly reduced at pH 8.7. These results indicate that application of urea and ammonium nitrate for a nitrogen source of fertigation has little affects on soil chemical properties before and after tomato cultivation.
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